GRUPOS FUNCIONAIS FITOPLANCTÔNICOS EVIDENCIAM DIFERENÇAS AMBIENTAIS EM UMA PLANÍCIE DE INUNDAÇÃO TEMPERADA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2503.02Keywords:
Freshwater environments, functional Groups, planktonic algae, seasonalityAbstract
Planícies de inundação possuem alta biodiversidade e proporcionam muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, que são mantidos pelos pulsos de inundação. O fitoplâncton é essencial para o funcionamento desses ecossistemas, atuando na produtividade primária e nos ciclos biogeoquímicos. Foi avaliado o fitoplâncton em um sistema rio-lago de inundação (planície de inundação do rio Illinois-EUA), durante um ciclo hidrológico e comparado a abordagem taxonômica (espécies) e funcional (grupos funcionais baseados na morfologia - GFBM). Como esperado, maior riqueza foi verificada no rio e maior biovolume no lago, com dominância de diferentes GFBMs em cada ambiente. Além disso, a sazonalidade e altos níveis de água na primavera dirigiram a variação temporal dos atributos fitoplanctônicos (riqueza e biovolume) do sistema rio-lago. O GFBM IV (i. e. sem traços especializados), V (i. e. fitoflagelados) e VI (i. e. diatomáceas) foram mais importantes para a riqueza e biovolume nos dois ambientes. Foi evidenciado o papel fundamental das características hidrodinâmicas, com maiores valores de biovolume no lago. O uso da abordagem funcional (GFBMs) apresentou maior explicação da relação fitoplâncton-ambiente. A mistura constante da coluna de água e alta turbidez selecionou espécies com traços (e. g. pequeno tamanho, presença de sílica) adaptados a essas condições.
PHYTOPLANKTON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS EVIDENCE ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN A TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN. Floodplain environments have high biodiversity and provide many ecosystem services maintained by the flood pulses. The phytoplankton is essential to the functioning of these ecosystems, acting upon primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles. We evaluated phytoplankton in a river-lake flood system (Illinois River floodplain-USA) during a hydrological cycle and compared the taxonomic (species) and functional (morphologic-based functional groups – MBFG) approaches. As expected, greater species richness was registered in the river and higher biovolume in the lake, as well as the predominance of different MBFGs in each environment. Furthermore, seasonality drove richness and biovolume temporal variation due to the higher water levels during spring. The MBFG IV (i. e. without specialized traits), V (phytoflagellates) and VI (diatoms) were more important for richness and biovolume in both environments. We reinforce the fundamental role of the hydrodynamics characteristics, with higher phytoplankton biovolume values in the lake. Using MBFG resulted in a better explanation to the phytoplankton-environment relationship. Constant water column mixture and high turbidity selected species with traits (e.g. small size, presence of silica) specifically adapted to these conditions.
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