A POLÍTICA DO TEMPO NO TRABALHO DIGITAL POR PEÇA BASEADO EM DOMICÍLIO

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21875/tjc.v6i0.43067

Palavras-chave:

Trabalho de bico, trabalho por peça, Amazon Mechanical Turk, salário por hora, identidade do trabalhador, estado social, tempo, cronopolítica, capitalismo tecnológico, capitalismo digital

Resumo

Tradução para o português de Rodrigo de Lacerda Carelli do texto “The Time Politics of Home-Based Digital Piecework”, de autoria de Veena B. Dubal, apresentado inicialmente ao Center for Ethics Journal:  Perspectives on Ethics, no simpósio “The Future of Work in the Age of Automation and AI” e com versão original disponível em: https://c4ejournal.net/2020/07/04/v-b-dubal-the-time-politics-of-home-based-digital-piecework-2020-c4ej-xxx/

RESUMO: As mudanças na tecnologia digital transformaram radicalmente os processos de trabalho do século passado mediante a reordenação dos espaços físicos e cognitivos.  Mas aspectos centrais da organização do Tecnocapital no século XXI emprestam e intensificam práticas de produção do século XX já abolidas.  Os industriais da automação, por exemplo, redescobriram a flexibilidade e a velocidade de produção e a mais-valia em um resquício da fabricação de peças de vestuário: o trabalho por peça.  Como os fabricantes estadunidenses do início do século XX que pagavam as mulheres que trabalhavam em casa por peça (Boris, 1994), os industriais de tecnologia pagam as pessoas dispersas ao longo da cadeia de produção de dados pela conclusão de uma tarefa ao invés de pagá-la por hora (Irani, 2015).  Este trabalho desregulado, que as máquinas não podem realizar, forma o alicerce das mudanças na automação e na inteligência artificial. Como os trabalhadores baseados em domicílio digitais de hoje concebem e experimentam o tempo no contexto deste trabalho por peça?  Examinando narrativas de processadores de dados da Amazon Mechanical Turk, sediada nos EUA, através de um quadro histórico, defendo que, embora os trabalhadores digitais contemporâneos trabalhem "em seu 'próprio' tempo", surge uma política na qual o tempo, visível e contabilizado no trabalho assalariado, torna-se um nó invisível de poder (Sharma, 2014). Este poder disciplinador medeia a vida ansiosa dos precários trabalhadores digitais por peça e alimenta o ritmo frenético do capitalismo tecnológico.  Eu apresento as implicações de potenciais intervenções regulatórias nesta política do tempo.

Biografia do Autor

Veena Dubal, Universidade da Califórnia, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings)

Veena Dubal é professora de Direito na UC Hastings College of the Law, em São Francisco. Obteve J.D. e Ph.D pela Universidade da Califórnia, em Berkeley. Foi bolsista de pós-doutorado e mestra pela Universidade Stanford.

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2021-05-03

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