Ifigênia de Eurípides: vítima antiga, heroína grega moderna?

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v7i2.30458

Palavras-chave:

Recepção dos Clássicos, Ifigênia, heroínas trágicas, Grécia Moderna, Michael Cacoyannis

Resumo

Em sua Poética, Aristóteles descarta a caracterização de Ifigênia como inconsistente. Por que a heroína homônima de Ifigênia em Áulis muda de ideia e decide morrer espontaneamente? Essa questão central preocupou não apenas estudiosos clássicos, mas também artistas de recepção. Como a mudança da atitude de Ifigênia, retratada no palco e na tela, afeta a resposta do público à personagem? Ifigênia é uma vítima ou uma heroína (ou uma mistura de ambas)? O cineasta greco-cipriota Michael Cocayannis acreditava ter um relacionamento especial com Eurípides, mas sua interpretação foi moldada por eventos políticos na Grécia moderna e em Chipre nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Em seu filme Ifigênia (1977), a antiga heroína trágica foi reformulada como uma jovem menina que se sacrifica pela Grécia. Na interpretação anti-guerra de Cacoyannis sobre a escolha de Ifigênia, ela é tanto heroica quanto vítima dos jogos de poder masculinos e da ambição irredentista. A Ifigênia de Cacoyannis é uma heroína de seu tempo, tanto quanto ela é um reflexo de sua antiga antecessora.

Biografia do Autor

Anastasia Bakogianni, Massey University

Anastasia Bakogianni is Lecturer in Classical Studies at Massey University, New Zealand. Her research and publications focus on the reception of Greek tragedy on stage and screen. She is author of Electra Ancient & Modern: Aspects of the Tragic Heroine’s Reception (2011), editor of Dialogues with the Past: Classical Reception Theory and Practice (2013) and co-editor of War as Spectacle: Ancient and Modern Perspectives on the Display of Armed Conflict (2015) andLocating Classical Receptions on Screen: Masks, Echoes, Shadows (2018). 

Referências

Filmografia

CACOYANNIS, M. Trilogy: Iphigenia, the Trojan women, Electra. Collector’s Deluxe Edition, Greece: Audio Visual Enterprises, S.A., 2006.

Bibliografia

ARROWSMITH, W. ‘Editor’s Foreword’, in Euripides Iphigeneia at Aulis. W. Arrowshith (Ed.). Trans. W. S. Merwin and G. E. Dimock, Jr.. New York: Oxford University Press, v-xiii, 1978.

BAKOGIANNI, A. Voices of resistance: Michael Cacoyannis’ The Trojan women (1971)’, The Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 52, 2009, p. 45-68.

______. ‘Annihilating Clytemnestra: the severing of the mother-daughter bond in Michael Cacoyannis’ Iphigenia (1977)’, in Ancient Greek women in film. K. P. Nikoloutsos (Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013a, p. 207-233.

______. ‘Who rules this nation? (Ποιός κυβερνά αυτόν τον τόπο;): political intrigue and the struggle for power in Michael Cacoyannis’ Iphigenia (1977)’, in Dialogues with the past: classical reception theory and practice. A. Bakogianni (Ed.). London: Institute of Classical Studies, 2013b, p. 225-249.

______. ‘The anti-war spectacle: denouncing war in Michael Cacoyannis’ Euripidean trilogy’, in War as spectacle: Ancient and Modern perspectives on the display of armed conflict. A. Bakogianni and V. M. Hope (Eds.). London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015, p. 291-311.

______. ‘Hollywood meets art-house cinema: Michael Cacoyannis’ “Hybrid” Euripidean trilogy’, in A companion to Ancient Greece and Rome on screen. A. J. Pomeroy (Ed.). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017a, p. 163-181.

______. ‘The Ancient world is part of us: Classical tragedy in Modern film’, in A companion to Ancient Greece and Rome on screen. A. J. Pomeroy (Ed.). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2017b, p. 467-490.

BAKOGIANNI, A.; APOSTOL, R. ‘Introduction: face to face - locating Classical receptions on screen’, in Locating Classical receptions on screen: masks, echoes, shadows. R. Apostol and A. Bakogianni (Ed.). New York: Palgrave, 2018, p. 1-16.

BRIDGES, E.; HALL, E.; RHODES, P. J. (Eds.). Cultural responses to the Persian wars: Antiquity to the third millennium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

CARTER, D. M. The politics of Greek tragedy. Exeter: Bristol Phoenix, 2007.

CONACHER, D. J. Euripidean drama: myth, theme and structure. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967.

GAMEL, M. K. ‘Introduction to Iphigenia at Aulis’, in Women on the edge: four plays by Euripides. Ed. and trans. R. Blondell, M. K. Gamel, N. Sorkin Rabinowitz, B. Zweig. New York and London: Routledge, 1999, p. 305-326.

GURD, S. A. Iphigenias at Aulis: textual multiplicity, radical philology. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2005.

HALL, E. ‘Introduction: why Greek tragedy in the late twentieth-century?’, in Dionysus since 69: Greek tragedy at the dawn of the third millennium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 1-46.

HARDWICK, L. Reception studies, Greece and Rome: new surveys in the Classics 33. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

HOLMBERG LÜBECK, M. Iphigenia Agamemnon’s daughter: A study of Ancient conceptions in Greek myth and literature associated with the Atrides. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1993.

HOSE, M. Euripides: der Dichter der Leidenschaften. München: C. H. Beck, 2008.

KARALIS, V. A history of Greek cinema. New York: Continuum, 2012.

KOLIOPOULOS, J. S.; VEREMIS, T. M. Greece: the Modern sequel. From 1821 to the present. London: Hurst & Company, 2012.

KOVACS, D. ‘Introduction’, in Euripides, Bacchae, Iphigenia at Aulis, Rhesus. D. Kovacs, (Ed.). Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2002.

______. ‘Towards a reconstruction of Iphigenia Aulidensis’, JHS 123, 2003, p. 77-103.

LUSCHNIG, C. A. E. Tragic aporia: a study of Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis. Ramus Monographs 3. Berwick, Victoria: Aureal Publications, 1988.

MCDONALD, M. Euripides in Cinema: the heart made visible. Philadelphia: Centrum, 1983.

MACKINNON, K. Greek tragedy into film. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

MICHELAKIS, P. Euripides: Iphigenia at Aulis. London: Duckworth, 2006.

______. Greek tragedy on screen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

MICHELINI, A. N. ‘The expansion of myth in Late Euripides: Iphigeneia at Aulis’, Illinois Classical Studies 24-25: Euripides and tragic theatre in the late fifth century, 1999-2000, p. 41-57.

MILLS, S. ‘Affirming Athenian action: Euripides’ portrayal of military activity and the limits of tragic instruction’, in War, democracy and culture in Classical Athens. D. M. Pritchard (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 163-183.

RIBEIRO JR., W. A. ‘The authors of Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis’, Codex: Revista de Estudos Clássicos 2.2., 2010, p. 57-91.

SIAFKOS, C. Michael Cacoyannis: in a first appearance. Athens: Psichogios Publications S. A, 2009.

SORKIN RABINOWITZ, N. Anxiety veiled: Euripides and the traffic in women. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993.

TRYPANIS, K. et al. Le théatre antique de nos jours: Symposium International à Delphes (18-22 août 1981). Athens: Centre culturel européen de Delphes, 1984.

VOSKARIDOU, S. ‘Cacoyannis’ trilogy: out of the spirit of music’, in Dialogues with the past: Classical reception theory and practice. A. Bakogianni (Ed.). London: Institute of Classical Studies, 2013, p. 251-273.

WALTON, J. M. Euripides our contemporary. London: Methuen Drama, 2009.

WILKINS, J. ‘The state and the individual: Euripides’ plays of voluntary self-sacrifice’, in Euripides, women and sexuality. A. Powell (Ed.). London and New York: Routledge, 1990, p. 177-194.

ZEITLIN, F. I. ‘Art, memory and Kleos in Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis’, in History, tragedy, theory: dialogues on Athenian drama. B. Goff (Ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.

Downloads

Publicado

2019-12-31

Como Citar

Bakogianni, A. (2019). Ifigênia de Eurípides: vítima antiga, heroína grega moderna?. CODEX - Revista De Estudos Clássicos, 7(2), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v7i2.30458

Edição

Seção

Artigos