Refashioning exempla: the paradigm of cruelty and inclemency in the Ovidian myth of exile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v8i2.37055Keywords:
Ovidian exile, exempla, hyperbole, refutatio exemplorumAbstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the way in which Ovid builds paradigms of cruelty and inclemency that would replace known exempla, proposing those belonging to his exile as new examples and as new terms of comparison. First, I reflect on the use of the hyperbole trope during exile and its repercussion on the recourse to the refutatio exemplorum, through which Ovid dismisses known exempla to postulate instances of his situation in exile as new paradigms. Then, I analyze how Ovid presents his enemies, either his detractors or even Augustus, as crueler and more inclement than any other. For this, I turn to Tr. 3.11. 39-54, 5.1.53-54, 5.12.47-48, Pont. 2.9.44 and 3.5.42, from which I examine the figures of Busiris, Phalaris and Perillus as examples of cruelty. Finally, in conclusion, I reflect on the usefulness of exempla, which, far from being ineffective as models, offer the opportunity to manipulate the previous literary tradition by means of comparisons and refutationes. As consequence, Ovid proposes himself, and his situation, as authority.
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