Spatial Analysis of the Impacts Caused by Changes in Land Use on the Estimation of Surface Temperature in the The City of Paracatu (MG)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2024_47_55194

Keywords:

Urban climate, Territorial management, Remote sensing

Abstract

The increase in built-up areas, coupled with the suppression of vegetation without the necessary mitigating measures to curb the effects of urbanization, causes changes in the microclimate and directly impacts the health of the local population. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the influence of land cover type on the variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimation in the city of Paracatu, Minas Gerais (MG), in the years 1990 and 2020.For this, the maps provided by the Annual Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use of Brazil (MapBiomas) and images from the LANDSAT-5 (1990) and LANDSAT-8 (2020) satellites were used. Four images, distributed across seasons, were utilized to estimate LST for these periods, aiming to obtain a representative LST estimate for that year. For the calculation of the LST with bands 6 and 10, respectively of the LANDSAT-5 and 8 satellites, the SCP plugin of the QGIS software was used, and the process of recovery of the LST in the scenes used occurred through conversion of the values of the Digital Number (DN) into radiance at the Top of the Atmosphere (ToA), conversion of radiance into brightness temperature in ToA, correction of atmospheric effects and obtaining LST in Kelvin and, subsequently, in degrees Celsius. After that, the average between them was performed by means of normalization of each of the scenes, obtaining a representative mosaic for the LST of each year,thus enabling the estimation of the spatial behavior of the minimum, mean, and maximum values.. Finally, in order to verify the influence of Changes in Use and Occupation (LULC) on the spatial variation of the LST, the classes found in Vegetation, Exposed Soil, Urban Area and Water Resources were segmented, and it was found that, while the urban area of Paracatu had its territorial extension practically doubled, the vegetation class decreased by almost 25%, a fact that implied in the average increase of the LST by more than 5º C. the minimum and maximum values of these classes varied around 4.5 and 3º C, and it is possible to conclude that, in this interval of 30 years, Paracatu had no urban growth occurring exponentially and without the proper mitigations for the transformation of the microclimate, implying the need for measures that can curb these changes in strategic points of the municipality, as in the Bom Pastor neighborhood, which had its use and occupation totally changed in this temporal hiatus. In addition, in view of the estimates of economic growth in the city, it is believed that these measures should be taken as a matter of urgency, so that the results presented here can support the decisions of the managing public agencies.

Author Biographies

Arthur Santos, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP

Doutorando em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade Estadual "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), atuando na linha de pesquisa de Geoprocessamento e Modelagem Matemática Ambiental. Mestre em Meio Ambiente e Qualidade Ambiental pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) (2020) e Engenheiro Ambiental e Sanitarista pela Universidade do Oeste Paulista (2018). No mestrado, desenvolveu pesquisa com enfoque no sensoriamento remoto voltado para análises da temperatura superficial e na formação de Ilha de Calor Urbano. Na graduação, trabalhou com o diagnóstico ambiental (por meio de mapeamento) e análise de índices espectrais em áreas ocupadas por atividade de mineração a céu aberto. Atualmente, vem aprofundando os seus estudos na área de Inteligência Artificial (IA), com enfoque nas Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e em predições na agricultura. Em 2021, foi professor das disciplinas de Cartografia 1 e Gestão Ambiental para alunos do curso técnico em mineração pelo programa Trilhas de Futuro, do estado de Minas Gerais. Possui experiência profissional na área de gestão e monitoramento ambiental, banco de dados em ambiente SIG e tomada de decisão por meio de geotecnologias no setor sucroenergético.

Henzo Simionatto, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP

Mestrando no Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP. Possui graduação em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária pela Universidade do Oeste Paulista (2020). Participa do grupo de pesquisa do CNPQ Recursos Hídricos, Ecotoxicologia e Tecnologias Ambientais sob liderança da Profa. Dra. Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo Pinheiro. Atualmente, vem aprofundando os seus estudos com análises de dados de Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) e avaliação da qualidade dos recursos hídricos.Possui experiência profissional na área de Engenharia Ambiental, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Avaliação dos Impactos Ambientais; Gerenciamento dos Recursos hídricos em ambiente SIG.

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2024-10-18

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Vol. 47 (2024): Anuário do Instituto de Geociências

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