Geochemical Analysis of Granito Verde Pantanal (Ultramilonite) with Focus on Ornamental Pathologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2026_49_69126Keywords:
Chemical attack, Aggressive environmentAbstract
This study investigates the geochemistry of ornamental stones, with emphasis on chemical composition and its direct relationship with durability and susceptibility to chemical alterations under different exposure environments. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were applied to identify and quantify the main constituent oxides: MgO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, FeO, K₂O, CaO, TiO₂, MnO, Na₂O, and P₂O₅. The results indicate that the presence of mafic minerals rich in MgO increases the rock’s susceptibility to chemical alterations, especially in acidic or alkaline environments, favoring the development of stains, localized darkening, and matrix weakening. Conversely, the high contents of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, mainly associated with feldspars and quartz, enhance chemical resistance, although feldspars may undergo partial dissolution under more aggressive conditions, releasing soluble cations that increase porosity. FeO, detected in significant concentrations, is directly linked to oxidation processes, which impair both the aesthetics and the structural integrity of the rock. Elements such as K₂O, CaO, and TiO₂ actively contribute to the formation of surface stains and efflorescences, while MnO, even in low concentrations, can cause darkening due to oxidation. Na₂O and P₂O₅, although present in minor proportions, influence reactivity and durability, contributing to secondary phenomena such as salt efflorescences and increased vulnerability to aggressive solutions. These results reinforce that mineralogical heterogeneity is a key factor in determining the physicochemical performance of ornamental stones when exposed to chemical weathering. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of geochemical alteration processes in ornamental rocks, demonstrating that the interaction between major and accessory minerals defines their behavior when subjected to natural or artificial chemical agents. The main objective is to provide technical support for predicting the durability and aesthetic performance of ornamental stones under different usage conditions, thereby assisting both in the careful selection of materials for architectural projects and in the development of preventive conservation strategies in potentially aggressive environments.
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