Quando a política começa a ser ciência (antecedentes históricos e requisitos científicos da teoria política nos séculos XIII e XIV)
Abstract
No fim do século XIII, os medievais procuraram conceber o discurso político como um tipo de conhecimento científico. Procuraram evidenciar as principais características que ela compartilha com as demais ciências. O presente artigo trata da maneira como esse projeto foi executado. Propõe-se, em primeiro lugar, a reconstruir o processo histórico que conduziu ao surgimento da teoria medieval dos dois poderes. Em segundo lugar, trata-se da maneira como os pensadores medievais, notadamente Tomás de Aquino e Egídio Romano procuram justificar cada poder.
Abstract
In the end of the 13th century, medieval philosophers tried to conceive the political discourse as a kind of scientific knowledge. They tried to put in evidence the main characteristics that it shares with the other sciences. The present article deals with the way that this project was executed. It aims, in the first part, to reconstruct the historical process that leads to the sprouting of the medieval theory of the two powers. In the second one, it shows how the medieval thinkers, mainly Thomas Aquinas and Aegidius Romanus, looked for to justify each specific form of power.
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