Habermas e a Questão do Realismo Moral
Abstract
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a afirmação de Cristina Lafont de que a ética do discurso precisa se comprometer com uma concepção extra-epistêmica (realista) da justiça. A discussão parte de uma análise dos diversos tipos de discurso prático identificados por Habermas: discurso pragmático, discurso ético-político, discurso moral e negociação procedimentalmente regulada; com ênfase na diferença entre o discurso moral e o discurso de negociação. Com base no esclarecimento dessa última diferença, defende-se a tese de que Lafont não tem razão ao atribuir um comprometimento realista à ética do discurso, embora sua posição possa ser útil em uma análise que focalize o procedimento discursivo como um processo de aprendizagem, envolvendo a transição entre duas formas de se efetivar a condição procedimental da imparcialidade.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to discuss Cristina Lafont's thesis that discourse ethics is commited with an extra-epistemic (realist) conception of justice. The discussion starts with an analysis of the different kinds of practical discourse identified by Habermas: pragmatic discourse, ethical-political discourse, moral discourse and procedurally regulated bargaining; with emphasis on the difference between moral discourse and bargaining discourse. Based on the clarification of this last difference, I defend the thesis that Lafont is not entitled to assign a realist involvement to discourse ethics, albeit her position could be useful in an analysis that focuses on the discursive procedure as a learning process, involving a transition between two ways of fulfilling the procedural condition of impartiality.
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