EMANCIPAÇÃO E LIBERAÇÃO SEXUAL DAS MULHERES NA REPÚBLICA ROMANA (II E I SÉCULOS A.C.)

Resumo

Our objective is to show the importance of the liberation and the emancipation of the Roman women at the II and I centuries b.C. including aspects of their sexuality. The subject is of great relevance for the study of the History of the Woman because of the victories they obtained in the political, social and economic fields. Concerning their sexuality, in our view, makes them pioneers of the feminism. Despite their conquests, they suffered as much as the women from century XIX and today still we suffer in the century XXI adverse reactions to its legitimate pretensions of equality of rights to the men. We consider, in our analysis, the feminine world as much as the masculine. We work with the concept of gender, without making the History of the Women a field of opposition to the Men or a differentiated history, but a plural-history one. We use primary literary sources: historians, philosophers, and poets such as: Tito Livio, Polibio, Plutarco, Catiio, Cicero, Plauto, Terencio, and others. We identify the situation of men and women in the Roman system at the end of the Republic period. We explain the structural and economic transformations of the period; the cultural influences received by the Romans of other peoples; the new introduced feminine cults through the civil expansion, conflicts and internal wars in the Urhs and the transformations in the marriage, family and education that produced great modifications in the situation of the Roman women, the emancipated wives at the 1 century b.C.