Management of Emotions

the Case of 'Fear' in Aristophanes’ Comic Hero

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v11i2.62358

Keywords:

Emotions Studies, Ancient Greek Comedy, Fear, Comic Heroism

Abstract

Aristophanes' comedy does not present a monolithic model of comic heroism; nevertheless, it is possible to detect a considerable number of recurrent common features in its protagonists – among others, an admirable courage, responsible for the agency of social change that comedy normally procures in consonance with the audience's desires. This exemplary courage is based on a total lack of fear (aphobia) that the discourse takes care of underlying in images and metaphors of a warlike nature, in which the protagonist is assimilated to a brave warrior. In this direction, this paper proposes to investigate the role of fear in the characters of Aristophanic comedy whose protagonism has been questioned or controversial, as in the case of Agoracritus in Knights or Strepsiades in Clouds. Likewise, given that fear is a politically inspired emotion, and ancient comedy aims to educate its audience politically, we will ask about the advice about fear that comedy intends to give to its audience.

Author Biography

Claudia N. Fernández, Universidad Nacional de La Plata

Dra. en Letras por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina); Profesora Titular del Área de Griego de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (UNLP) e Investigadora Principal del CONICET.

References

ANDRISANO, Angela. Empusa, nome parlante (Ar. Ran. 288ss.)? In: Ercolani, A (ed.). Spoudaiogeloion: Form und Funktion der Verspottung in der aristophanischen Komödi. Stuttgart / Weimar: Metzler, 2002, pp. 273-297.

BALLOT, Ryan. Courage in the Democratic Polis: Ideology and Critique in Classical Athens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

BARTOLETTI, Tomás. Oráculos burlados y enigmas cómicos en Caballeros de Aristófanes. Emerita, 83, pp. 23-45, 2015.

CAIRNS, Douglas. A Short History of Shudders. In: Chaniotis, A.; Ducrey, P. (eds.). Unveiling Emotions II. Emotions in Greece and Rome: Texts, Images, and Material Culture. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2013, pp. 85-107.

CAIRNS, Douglas. The Horror and the Pity: Phrike as a Tragic Emotion. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 34, pp. 75-94.

CAIRNS, Douglas. Introduction. In: Cairns, D. (ed.). A Cultural History of the Emotions in Antiquity. London: Bloomsbury, 2019, pp. 1-63.

CAIRNS, Douglas. Emotions through Time. In: Cairns, D.; Hinterberger, M.; Pizzone, A.; Zaccarini, M. (eds.). Emotions through Time: From Antiquity to Byzantium. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022, pp. 3-33.

CARRIERE, Jean-Claude. Le carnaval et la politique. Une introduction à la comédie grecque, suivre d'un choix de fragments. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1979.

CHANIOTIS, A. The Social Construction of Emotion: a View from Ancient Greece. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 24, pp. 56-61, 2018.

CHANIOTIS, Angelos. Display, and Performance of Emotions. Introduction. In: Chaniotis, A. (ed.). Unveiling Emotions III. Arousal, Display, and Performance of Emotions in the Greek World. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2021, pp. 9-30.

COLOMBETTI, Giovanna. What Language Does to Feelings. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 16.9, pp. 4-26, 2009.

DELUMEAU, Jean. La peur en Occident (XIVe-XVIIIe siècles). Une cité assiégée. Paris: Fayard, 1978.

DOVER, Kenneth. Aristophanic Comedy. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1972.

GRIFFITHS, Paul. What Emotions Really Are. The Problem of Psychological Categories. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977.

GRIMALDI, William M. A. Aristotle, Rhetoric II: A Commentary. New York: Fordham University Press, 1988.

HENDERSON, Jeffrey. When an Identity Was Expected: The Slaves in Aristophanes’ Knights. In:G. W. Bakewell, G. W.; Sickinger, J. P. (eds.). Gestures: Essays in Ancient History, Literature, and Philosophy presented to Alan L. Boegehold. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2003, pp. 63-73.

KONSTAN, David. The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks. Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press, 2006.

KÖVECSES, Zoltan. Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge/Nueva York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

MCGLEW, James. Citizens on Stage: Comedy and Political Culture in the Athenian Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.

MCLEISH, Keith. The Theatre of Aristophanes. Bath: Thames and Hudson, 1980.

MEHL, Véronique. Approche sensible et inscriptions somatiques de la peur dans le monde grec antique. In: Patera, M.; Perentides, S.; Wallensten, J. (eds). La peur chez les grecs. Usages et représentations de l'Antiquité à l’ère chrétienne. Rennes: Presses universitaires de

Rennes, 2023, pp. 89-100.

NAGY, Gregory. The Subjectivity of Fear as Reflected in Ancient Greek Wording. Dialogues, 5, pp. 29-45, 2010.

OSBORNE, Robin. Politics and Laughter: the Case of Aristophanes’ Knights. In: Ralph, R.; Foley, H. (eds.). Aristophanes and politics: New Studies. Leiden: Boston: Brill, 2020, pp.24-44.

PADUANO, Guido. Degrado e miracolo. In: Aristofane: I Cavalieri. Milano: Bur, 2009, pp. 5-28.

PATERA, Maria. Reflections on the Discourse of Fear in Greek Sources. In: Chaniotis, A.; Ducrey, P. (eds.). Unveiling Emotions II. Emotions in Greece and Rome: Texts, Images, and Material Culture. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2013, pp. 109-134.

PATERA, Maria. Figures grecques de l’épouvante de l’antiquité au présent: peurs enfantines et adultes. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2014.

PATERA, Maria. Introduction. La peur chez les Grecs, remarques introductives. In: Patera, M.; Perentides, S.; Wallensten, J. (eds.). La peur chez les grecs. Usages et représentations de l’Antiquité à l’ère chrétienne. Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2023, pp. 15-26.

PLATTER, Charles. Aristophanes and the Carnival of Genres. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

RACKHAM, Harris. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 1926.

RECKFORD, Kenneth. Aristophanes' Old-and-New Comedy. 1. Six essays in perspective. Chapel Hill / London: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.

RHODES, Peter J. Thucydides: History. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1988-1998.

ROSEN, Ralph. The Greek Comic Hero. In: Revermann, M. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Greek Comedy. Cambridge: University Press, 2014, pp. 222-240.

ROSS, William D. Aristotelis Ars Rhetorica. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.

RUFFELL, Ian. Character Types. In: Revermann, M. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Greek Comedy. Cambridge: University Press, 2014, pp. 147-167.

SANCHO ROCHER, Laura. Temor, silencio y deliberación: la inhibición de la opinión en Tucídides. Gerión. Revista de Historia Antigua, 33, pp. 47-66, 2015.

SCHOLTZ, Andrew. Friends, Lovers, Flatterers: Demophilic Courtship in Aristophanes' Knights. Transactions of the American Philological Association, 134.2, 263-293, 2004.

SIFAKIS, George, M. The Structure of Aristophanic Comedy. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 112, pp. 123-142, 1992.

SIMMONS, Robert. Demagogues, Power, and Friendship in Classical Athens: Leaders as Friends in Aristophanes, Euripides, and Xenophon. London: Bloomsbury, 2023.

SMITH, Nicholas. Diviners and Divination in Aristophanic Comedy. Classical Antiquity, 8.1, pp. 140-158, 1989.

SOMMERSTEIN, Alan. The Comedies of Aristophanes. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1980- 2001.

SOMMERSTEIN, Alan. The Comedies of Aristophanes, Vol. 2: Knights. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1981.

THIERCY, Pierre (1986). Aristophane: fiction et dramaturgie. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1986.

TSOUMPRA, Natalia. The Politics of Hopelessness: Thucydides and Aristophanes' Knights. In: Kazantzidis, G.; Spatharas, D. (eds.). Hope in Ancient Literature, History, and Art. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018, pp. 111-130.

WHITMAN, Cedric. Aristophanes and the Comic Hero. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 1964.

Published

2024-03-09

How to Cite

N. Fernández, C. (2024). Management of Emotions: the Case of ’Fear’ in Aristophanes’ Comic Hero. CODEX - Revista De Estudos Clássicos, 11(2), e112202309. https://doi.org/10.25187/codex.v11i2.62358

Issue

Section

Dossiê Emoção no drama antigo: comédia e diálogo platônico