Consenso na política merovíngia: a contribuição anglófona
Resumo
O presente artigo busca analisar as contribuições oferecidas ao longo das últimas décadas pelos medievalistas anglófonos ao debate acerca do consenso como ferramenta de análise social. O trabalho dá ênfase especial às contribuições elaboradas por Paul Fouracre, responsável pela inserção do conceito no centro dos estudos merovíngios, durante a década de 1980. Fortemente inspirada pela Antropologia Social, a tradição acadêmica inglesa tendeu a tratar o consenso em relação direta com o conflito. Seguindo a influência dos escritos antropológicos de Evans-Pritchard entre os medievalistas a partir da década de 1970, Fouracre e outros autores ingleses propuseram que o consenso no interior de um grupo muitas vezes estaria atrelado a exclusões de determinados sujeitos de tal grupo. Sendo assim, aspectos como a "inveja" e as ameaças de conflito possuem posição central nessa tradição de interpretação do consenso durante o período merovíngio.Referências
CASSIODORUS, Variae. In: Theodor Mommsen (Ed.). Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Auctores Antiquissimi, XII. Berlin, 1894.
GREGORY, Decem Libri Historiarum. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum. Bruno Krusch & Wilhelm Levison (Eds.). Hannover, 1951.
GREGORY I, Moralia in Iob. In: Mark Adrien. (Ed.) Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 143, 143A, 143B. Turnhout, 1979.
BROWN, Peter. “Society and the Supernatural: A Medieval Change,” Daedalus 104:2, p. 133-151, Spring 1975.
BROWN, Peter. “Relics and Social Status in the Age of Gregory of Tours,” in The Stenton Lecture 1976. Reading: University of Reading, p. 1-22, 1977.
BROWN, Peter. Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
BUC, Philippe. The Dangers of Ritual: Between Early Medieval Texts and Social Scientific Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
DE JONG, Mayke. An Unresolved Riddle: Early Medieval Incest Legislation. In: WOOD, I. (Ed.) Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1998.
EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.) Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, (Vorträge und Forschungen 82), Ostfildern 2017.
ESDERS, Stefan. Zwischen Historie und Rechtshistorie: der consensus iuris im frühen Mittelalter In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.), Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter (Vorträge und Forschungen 82; Konstanz, 2017).
EVANS-PRITCHARD, Edward Evan. Witchcraft, oracles and magic among the Azande. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937.
EWIG, Eugen. Spätantikes und Fränkisches Gallien: Gesammelte Schriften (1952–1973), Ed. H. Atsma, vol. 3, ed. M. Becher, T. Kölzer, and U. Nonn, BdF III, 3 vols. (Munich: Artemis, 1976–9; vol. 3, Ostfildern: Thorbecke, 2009), vol. 2.
FOURACRE, Paul. The Work of Audoenus of Rouen and Eligius of Noyon in Extending Episcopal Influence from the Town to the Country in Seventh-Century Neustria. Studies in Church History, 16, 1979, 77-91.
FOURACRE, Paul. Merovingians, Mayors of the Palace and the Notion of a ‘Low-Born’ Ebroin, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, Volume 57, Issue 135, May 1984, p. 1–14.
FOURACRE, Paul. “Placita” and the settlement of disputes in later Merovingian Francia In: DAVIES, Wendy & FOURACRE, Paul. (Eds.), The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
FOURACRE, Paul. MEROVINGIAN HISTORY AND MEROVINGIAN HAGIOGRAPHY, Past & Present, Volume 127, Issue 1, May 1990, Pages 3–38.
FOURACRE, Paul and GERBERDING, Richard. Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography 640-720. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.
FOURACRE, Paul. The Age of Charles Martel. London: Routledge, 2000.
FOURACRE, Paul. Why were so many bishops killed in Merovingian Francia. In: FRYDE, Natalie; REITZ, Dirk (Eds.). Bischofsmord in Mittelalter. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2003, p. 13-35.
FOURACRE, Paul. Francia in the seventh century. In: P. Fouracre (Ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History (The New Cambridge Medieval History, pp. 371-396). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
FOURACRE, Paul. Frankish History: Studies in the Construction of Power. London: Routledge, 2013.
FOURACRE, P. The incidence of rebellion in the early medieval West. In: COOPER, Kate LEYSER, Conrad (Eds.) Making Early Medieval Societies: conflict and belonging in the Latin West, 300-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, p. 104-24.
FOURACRE, Paul. Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, German History, Volume 36, Issue 2, June 2018, p. 272–274.
HALSALL, Guy. Social identities and social relationships in early Merovingian Gaul. In: WOOD, I. (Ed.) Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1998, p. 140-75.
HALSALL, Guy. Social identities and social relationships in early Merovingian Gaul In: FOURACRE, Paul. Frankish History: Studies in the Construction of Power. London: Routledge, 2013.
HOPKINS, Keith. Structural differentiation in Rome (200-31 B.C.): The genesis of a historical bureaucratic society. In: LEWIS, T. M. History and Social Anthropology. London: Tavistock Publishers, 1968, p. 63-79.
LIEBS, Detfef. Geltung kraft Konsenses oder kraft königlichem Befehl? Die lex Romana unter den Westgoten, Burgundern und Franken. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, (Vorträge und Forschungen 82), Ostfildern 2017, p. 63-85.
LOSEBY, Simon. Gregory's cities: urban functions in sixth-century Gaul. In: WOOD, I. (Ed.) Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 1998.
MAX, Gluckman. Custom and Conflict in Africa. Oxford: Bassil Backwell, 1955.
MacCORMARK, Sabine. Art and Ceremony in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.
McFARLANE, Kenneth Bruce. The Nobility of Later Medieval England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
MEYER, Christoph. Konsens in der Rechtsgeschichte des frühen Mittelalters. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter (p. 19-45). Ostfildern: Thorbecke, 2017.
MOORHEAD, John. The Making and Qualities of Ostrogothic Kings in the Decade after Theoderic. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, (Vorträge und Forschungen 82), Ostfildern 2017.
NELSON, Janet. Legislation and Consensus in the Reign of Charles the Bald. In: WORMALD, Patrick (ed.), Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society: Studies presented to J.M. Wallice-Handrill, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1983.
NOBLE, Thomas. Theological Perspectives on Law and Consensus in the Writings of Gregory the Great. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, (Vorträge und Forschungen 82), Ostfildern 2017.
PATZOLD, Steffen. "Konsens" und "consensus" im Merowingerreich. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (Eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter, (Vorträge und Forschungen 82), Ostfildern 2017.
ROBERTS, Simon. Order and Dispute: an introduction to legal anthropology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1979.
SAWYER, Peter; WOOD, Ian. (Eds.) Early Medieval Kingship. Leeds, England: University of Leeds, 1977.
STOCKING, Rachel. Bishops, Councils, and Consensus in the Visigothic Kingdom, 589-633. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.
WALLACE-HADRILL, John. War and Peace in the earlier Middle Ages. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 25, 157-174, 1975.
WALLACE-HADRILL, John M. Early Medieval History. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1975.
WALLACE-HADRILL, John M. The Long-Haired Kings: And Other Studies in Frankish History. London: Routledge, 1962.
WICKHAM, Chris. Consensus and Assemblies in the Romano-Germanic Kingdoms: A Comparative Approach. In: EPP, Verena and MEYER, Christoph (eds.). Recht und Konsens im frühen Mittelalter (Vorträge und Forschungen 82; Konstanz, 2017).
WOOD, Ian. The Merovingian Kingdoms 40-751. Harlow: Longman, 1994.
WOOD, Ian. John Michael Wallace-Hadrill 1916-1985. In: Proceedings of the British Academy, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III, v. 124, p. 332-355, 2004.
WOOD, Ian. Land tenure and military obligations in the Anglo-Saxon and Merovingian Kingdoms: the evidence of Bede and Boniface in context. Bulletin of International Medieval Research, 9-10, p.3-22, 2005.
WOOD, Ian. ‘The Bloodfeud of the Franks’: a historiographical legend. Early Medieval Europe, 14: 489-504, 2006.
WOOD, Ian. The Problem of late Merovingian Culture. In: S. Dusil, G. Schwedler and R. Schwitter. Exzerpieren – Kompilieren – Tradieren: Transformationen des Wissens zwischen Spätantike und Frühmittelalter. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017, p. 199-222.
WOOD, Ian. La compétition monastique à l'âge de saint Colomban. LE JAN, Régine; BUHRER-THIERRY, Geneviève; GASPARI, Stefano (Eds.) In:Collectif, Coopétition: rivaliser, coopérer dans les sociétés du haut Moyen Âge (500-1100), Turnhout, Brepols (haut Moyen Âge, 31), 2018, p. 113-125.
WORMALD, Patrick. Lex Scripta and Verbum Regis. In: SAWYER, Peter; WOOD, Ian. (Eds.) Early Medieval Kingship. Leeds, England: University of Leeds, 1977.
WORMALD, Patrick. Legal Culture in the Early Medieval West: Law as Text, Image and Experience. London: The Hambledon Press, 1999.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Proposta de Política para Periódicos de Acesso Livre
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
