Organic Farming: Is a Metamorphosis of Modern Agricultural Imperialism or a Postmodern Agricultural Model?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2022_45_49113Keywords:
Actor, Moral, PowerAbstract
The implementation of organic farming programs in Indonesia involves various actors and various interests in it. The relationship between actors and their interests has positioned organic agriculture at the intersection between modern agricultural camouflage and the antithesis of modern agriculture (postmodern agriculture). How did this happen? so this research is very important to provide a complete picture in describing the involvement of actors and power relations as one of the key factors that will determine the
formulation of policies for developing organic agriculture in the future. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The research data were analyzed concerning the Miles and Huberman (2002) framework, which consisted of stages of data reduction, analysis formulation, and concluding. The results showed that there were four typologies of actors, namely, type A actors oriented to spiritual values; actor type B oriented to moral values; type C actor is oriented to rational values and type D actor is oriented to political/power
values. The struggle between actors is dominated by driving actors (advanced farmers or champions, state apparatus, capitalists) who have stronger knowledge power. The rhetoric and images narrated by the driving actors then become tools for domination to seize the rights of other actors with the interests and powers attached to each actor. The implementation of organic agriculture which is full of power interests puts organic farming programs in Indonesia trapped in a market trap and a poor meaning reduction of moral values, human values, spiritual values, and ecological values.
References
Aji, G.B., Wangsit, S. & Ningrum, V. 2020, Reorientasi kebijakan pertanian organik sesudah “Go Organik 2010” dan “Program Seribu Desa Pertanian Organik” di Indonesia, UB Press, Malangue, INA.
Alhamidi, S.K., Gustafsson, M., Larsson, H. & Hillbur, P. 2003, ‘The cultural background of the sustainability of the traditional farming system in the Ghouta, the oasis of Damascus, Syria’, Agriculture and Human Values, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 231-40, DOI:10.1023/A:1026123929170.
Coleman, J.S. & Farraro, T.J. 1992, Rational choice theory: advocacy and critique, SAGE Publications Inc, London, UK.
de Vries, S. & Snep, R. 2019, ‘Biodiversity in the context of “Biodiversity – Mental Health”’, in M. Marselle, J. Stadler, H. Korn, K. Irvine & A. Bonn (eds), Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change, Springer, Cham, pp. 159-73, DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-02318-8_8.
Foucault, M. 2002, Historia de la sexualidad: el uso de los placeres, vol. 2, Siglo XXI, España, S. A., Argentina.
Freyer, B. & Bingen, J. (eds) 2015, Re-thinking organic food and farming in a changing world, Springer, Dordrecht, vol. 22, DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-9190-8.
Giddens, A. 2010, Teori strukturasi: dasar-dasar pembentukan struktur sosial masyarakat, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Grim, J.A. (ed.) 2001, Indigenous traditions and ecology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Haryatmoko, J. 2013, Etika publik: untuk integritas pejabat publik dan politisi, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jacarta.
Hatanaka, M. 2010, ‘Certification, partnership, and morality in an organic shrimp network: rethinking transnational alternative agrifood networks’, World Development, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 706-16, DOI:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.001.
Hunt, L., Rosin, C., Campell, H. & Fairweather, J. 2015, ‘Organic farmers: contributing to the resilience of the food system?’, in B. Freyer & J. Bingen (eds), Re-thinking organic food and farming in a changing world, Springer, Dordrecht, vol. 22, pp. 187-211, DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-9190-8_10.
Irvine, K.N., Hoesly, D., Bell-Williams, R. & Warber, S.L. 2019, ‘Biodiversity and spiritual well-being’, in M. Marselle, J. Stadler, H. Korn, K. Irvine & A. Bonn (eds), Biodiversity and health in the face of climate change, Springer, Cham, pp. 213-47, DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-02318-8_10.
Kinseng, R.A. 2017, ‘Structugency: Sebuah teori tindakan’, Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.127-37, DOI:10.22500/sodality.v5i2.17972.
Layder, D., Ashton, D.N. & Sung, J. 1991, ‘The empirical correlates of action and structure: the transition from school to work’, Sociology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 447-64, DOI:10.1177/0038038591025003006.
Mishra, P., Singh, P.P., Singh, S.K. & Verma, H. 2019, ‘5 - Sustainable agriculture and benefits of organic farming to special emphasis on PGPR’, in A. Kumar, A.K. Singh & K.K. Choudhary (eds), Role of plant growth promoting microorganisms in sustainable agriculture and nanotechnology, Elsevier Inc, Sawstown, pp. 75-87, DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-817004-5.00005-1.
Mudhoffir, A.M. 2013, ‘Teori kekuasaan Michel Foucault: tantangan bagi sosiologi politik’, MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 75-100, DOI:10.7454/mjs.v18i1.3734.
Pham, L. & Shively, G. 2019, ‘Profitability of organic vegetable production in Northwest Vietnam: evidence from Tan Lac District, Hoa Binh Province’, Organic Agriculture, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 211-23, DOI:10.1007/s13165-018-0223-0.
Putra, R.E.N. & Suyatna, H. 2018, ‘Genealogi Kuasa dalam kebijakan pengembangan pertanian organik di “Wilayah Pardikan” Jawa’, Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi, vol. 5. no. 1, pp. 69-84, DOI:10.22146/jps.v5i1.35403.
Setiawan, I., Supyandi, D., Rasiska, S., Judawinata, M.G., Prasetya, B. & Febriani, A.N. 2018, Pertanian postmodern: jalan tengah vertikal generasi era bonus demografi membangkitkan peradaban nusantar, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta Timur.
Syahyuti, F.N. 2002, ‘Ikatan genealogis dan pembentukan struktur agraria: kasus pada masyarakat pinggiran Hutan di Kecamatan Palolo, Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah’, Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 64-84, DOI:10.21082/jae.v20n1.2002.64-84.
Wilson, K. 2003, ‘Therapeutic landscapes and first nations peoples: an exploration of culture, health and place’, Health & Place, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 83-93, DOI:10.1016/S1353-8292(02)00016-3.
Vinnet, Winnett, y. 2011, ‘Go organik! Berangkat dari wacana revolusi hijau menuju pertanian berkelanjutan: siapa diuntungkan oleh pendekatan pertanian organik diarahkan ekonomi dan pemberdayaan sosial ?’ Australian Consortium for ln-country lndonesian Studies (ACICIS) Angkatan 32, Fakultas llmu Sosial dan llmu Politik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jawa Timur. Viewed 20 march 2019. <http://1073zb3xfs20yv98x228do7r-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-contenuuploads/2015/03/winnett-yasmin.pdf>.
Yazdanpanah, M., Moghadam, M.T., Javan, F., Deghanpour, M., Sieber, S. & Falsafi, P. 2021, ‘How rationality, morality, and fear shape willingness to carry out organic crop cultivation: a case study of farmers in southwestern Iran’, Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 2145-63, DOI:10.1007/s10668-021-01523-9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a license 