Towards the New National Capital (IKN) in Indonesia: Premises and Challenges of Food Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2024_47_55638Keywords:
Capital relocation, IKN, Comparative linear regressionAbstract
One of the successes of regional independence is food security. The essence of this paper dedicates the linkage between small and medium industry (SMI), population (Pop), food consumption (FC), and economic growth of agriculture, forestry and fisheries (EG_AFF) on food security (FS) towards a holistic New National Capital (IKN) in Indonesia. The comparative linear regression technique frames the data set starting from 2015 to 2021. Cross-regions that are qualified in “geospatial IKN” are focused into four clusters. From this analysis approach, it resulted in two important factors: (1) when SMI, Pop, FC, and EG_AFF increased, the simultaneous effect on FS increased; and (2) SMI has partial effect on FS in Balikpapan, Pop has partial effect on FS in Kutai Kartanegara, and FC has partial effect on FS in Balikpapan, Penajam Paser Utara (PPU), and Samarinda. This finding detects that SMI, Pop, FC, and EG_AFF guarantee food security in the short term. Finally, FC stimulates long-term food security in Balikpapan, PPU, and Samarinda, but has no implications in Kutai Kartanegara. The contemporary agenda is building an integrated agro-industrial system, considering alternative suggestions related to food productivity, and revitalizing revolutionary public facilities to separate food production centers from the new central government zone.
References
Amalia, S., Lestari, D. & Nurjanana, N. 2020, 'Changes in household consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical from Samarinda City, Indonesia', International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 5603-14, DOI:10.37200/IJPR/V24I3/PR2021161.
Anuada, A. & Melodillar, C. 2017, 'Communities' initiatives in addressing hunger in relocation sites in Cebu, Philippines', ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 29-41, DOI:10.7454/ajce.v1i2.86.
Arslan, M. 2014, 'The significance of shifting capital of Kazakstan from Almaty to Astana: An Evalution on the basis of geopolitical and demographic developments', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 120, pp. 98-109, DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.086.
Azmy, A.S. 2021, 'Examining the relocation of the capital city of Indonesia through the state perspective in political economy', Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26-35, DOI:10.33258/polit.v1i1.365.
Aziz, N.L.L. 2019, 'Relokasi ibu kota negara: Lesson learned dari negara lain', Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37-64, DOI:10.14203/jkw.v10i2.827.
BPS – East Kalimantan Timur 2022, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam angka 2022, Cuvi Sejahtera, Samarinda.
BPS – Indonesia 2022a, Pengeluaran per kapita, viewed 9 November 2022, <https://sirusa.bps.go.id/sirusa/index.php/indikator/197>.
BPS – Indonesia 2022b, Indeks ketahanan pangan, viewed 9 November 2022 <https://badanpangan.go.id/storage/app/media/2023/Buku%20Digital/Buku%20Indeks%20Ketahanan%20Pangan%202022%20Signed.pdf>.
Baharuddin, T., Nurmandi, A., Qodir, Z., Jubba, H. & Syamsurrijal, M. 2022, 'Bibliometric analysis of socio-political research on capital relocation: Examining contributions to the case of Indonesia', Journal of Local Government Issues, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 17–31, DOI:10.22219/logos.v5i1.19468.
CNBC Indonesia 2022, Bukan cuma RI, 7 negara pindahkan ibu kota negara, viewed 11 November 2022, <https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220120113856-4-308977/bukan-cuma-ri-7-negara-pindahkan-ibu-kota-negara>.
Darma, D.C., Purwadi, P. & Wijayanti, T.C. 2020, Ekonomika gizi: Dimensi baru di Indonesia, Kita Menulis, Medan.
Darma, D.C., Pusriadi, T. & Hakim, Y.P. 2018, 'Dampak Kenaikan harga komoditas sembako terhadap tingkat inflasi di Indonesia', Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Call for Papers Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Perbankan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1048-74.
Darma, S., Hakim, Y.P., A, E.K., Darma, D.C. & Suparjo, S. 2022, 'Understanding market behavior on corn commodity: Phenomenon at year end', Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 53–64, DOI:10.55493/5005.v12i2.4434.
Devesh, S. & Affendi, A.M.A. 2020, 'The linkage between population growth, GDP and food security in Oman: Vector error correction model analysis', International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 5345-51.
Dyastari, L. & Candra, A.A. 2022, 'The role and response of the people of East Kalimantan regarding the transfer of the national capital', International Journal of Education, Social Studies, and Management, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 92–100, DOI:10.52121/ijessm.v2i2.68.
FAO 2006, Food security, Policy Brief, Issue 2, viewed 10 November 2022 <https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/faoitaly/documents/pdf/pdf_Food_Security_Cocept_Note.pdf>.
FISIP – Universitas Indonesia 2020, Kajian aspek sosial pemindahan ibu kota negara, viewed 5 September 2022, <https://fisip.ui.ac.id/kajian-aspek-sosial-pemindahan-ibu-kota-negara/>.
Fernandes, M. & Samputra, P.L. 2022, 'Exploring linkages between food security and economic growth: A systematic mapping literature review', Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, vol. 16, pp. 206–18, DOI:10.5219/1734.
Food Security Agency 2022, Indeks ketahanan pangan 2021, Center for Food Availability and Insecurity, Ministry of Agriculture - Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.
Garmany, J. & Richmond, M.A. 2019, 'Hygienisation, gentrification, and urban displacement in Brazil', Antipode, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 124-44, DOI:10.1111/anti.12584.
Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Nonhebel, S. & Krol, M.S. 2010, 'Food consumption patterns and economic growth. Increasing affluence and the use of natural resources', Appetite, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 597–608, DOI:10.1016/j.appet.2010.09.013.
Global Food Security Index 2022, Exploring challenges and developing solutions for food security across 113 countries, viewed 30 August 2022, <https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-security-index/>.
Gomà, D. 2010, 'Naypyidaw vs. Yangon: The reasons behind the Junta's decision to move the Burmese Capital', in L. Dimitter (ed.), Burma or Myanmar?: The Struggle for national identity, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore. DOI:10.1142/9789814313650_0007.
Harini, R., Sukri, I., Ariani, R.D., Faroh, E.P.I. & Nadia, H. 2021, 'The study of food security in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia', Forum Geografi, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 199-210, DOI:10.23917/forgeo.v35i2.15855.
Haryanti, A. 2022, 'Politik hukum disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang ibu kota nusantara', Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 307-19, DOI:10.54629/jli.v19i3.936.
Herdiana, D. 2020, 'Identifying conditions for successful relocation of the nation’s capital', Politica, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-18, DOI:10.22212/jp.v11i1.1382.
Herdiana, D. 2022, 'Pemindahan ibukota negara: Upaya pemerataan pembangunan ataukah mewujudkan tata pemerintahan yang baik', Jurnal Transformative, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-30, DOI:10.21776/ub.transformative.2022.008.01.1.
Hjelm, L., Mathiassen, A. & Wadhwa, A. 2016, 'Measuring poverty for food security analysis: Consumption- versus asset-based approaches', Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 275-89, DOI:10.1177/0379572116653509.
Hutasoit, W.L. 2018, 'Analisa pemindahan ibukota negara', DEDIKASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial, Hukum, Budaya, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 108-28, DOI:10.31293/ddk.v39i2.3989.
Irawan, B., Akbar, P., Purnomo, E.P. & Nurmandi, A. 2021, 'Development planning to accelerate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Mahakam Ulu Districts as a new autonomous region', Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 184–95, DOI:10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.184-195.
Ishenda, D.K. & Guoqing, S. 2019, 'Determinants in relocation of capital cities', Journal of Public Administration and Governance, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 200-20, DOI:10.5296/jpag.v9i4.15983
Isnaini, M.N., Agustono, A. & Barokah, U. 2022, 'Identification of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors in mitigating income inequality in the former residencies of Madiun', Agriecobis: Journal of Agricultural Socioeconomics and Business, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 83–96, DOI: 10.22219/agriecobis.v5i1.18415.
Jayani, D.H. 2019, Inilah prediksi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia 2020-2024, Databoks, viewed 10 November 2022, <https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/07/01/inilah-prediksi-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-indonesia-2020-2024>.
Johnson, D.A. 2015, 'The transfer of Britain’s imperial capital: A bold stroke of statesmanship’, in New Delhi: The Last Imperial City, Britain and the World, Palgrave Macmillan, London. DOI: 10.1057/9781137469878_2.
Kacar, D. 2010, 'Ankara, a small town, transformed to a Nation’s capital' Journal of Planning History, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 43–65, DOI:10.1177/1538513209359869.
Kelly, J. 2020, 'The city sprouted: The rise of Brasília', Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 22, pp. 73-85, DOI:10.7916/consilience.vi22.6738.
Kirey, R.E. 2020, 'A long way to Dodoma: Deconstructing colonial legacy by relocating the capital city in Tanzania', Tanzania Zamani, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 41-70.
Kompas 2022, Bappenas: Skenario jumlah penduduk di IKN Nusantara 1,9 juta orang, Kompas.com, viewed 9 November 2022, <https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/03/16060911/bappenas-skenario-jumlah-penduduk-di-ikn-nusantara-19-juta-orang>.
Koning, N. 2017, Food Security, agricultural policies and economic growth: Long-term dynamics in the past, present and future, 1st edn, Routledge, London.
Kousar, S., Ahmed, F., Pervaiz, A. & Bojnec, Š. 2021, 'Food insecurity, population growth, urbanization and water availability: The role of government stability', Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 22, 12336. DOI:10.3390/su132212336.
Lee, H., Lee, S. & Park, S. 2018, 'The impact of Sejong City on the population migration in the adjacent municipalities and the capital region: Focused on the shift-share analysis using the 2006-2016 population migration data', Journal of Korea Planning Association, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 85-105, DOI:10.17208/jkpa.2018.04.53.2.85.
Lee, S. & Lee, D.K. 2018, 'What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test?', Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 353–60, DOI:10.4097/kja.d.18.00242
Manap, N.M.A. & Ismail, N.W. 2019, 'Food security and economic growth', International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 108-18, DOI:10.35631/IJMTSS.280011.
Maisonet-Guzman, O.E. 2011, 'Food security and population growth in the 21st century', E-International Relations, vol. 2011, pp. 1-10.
Mubaroq, M.R. & Solikin, A. 2019, 'Review on the financing scheme of Indonesia’s capital city relocation plan: Lessons Learned from Brazil, Malaysia, and Tanzania', Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Finance Economics and Business, (ICOFEB). DOI:10.4108/eai.12-11-2018.2288767.
Muhtar, R., Fitriadi, Y., Janna, J. & Febriani, I. 2021, 'Tinjauan kewilayahan dan harmonisasi fungsi ruang kawasan calon ibu kota negara dengan Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara sebagai wilayah pendukung (kawasan hinterland)', Seminar Nasional Geomatika. DOI:10.24895/SNG.2020.0-0.1150.
Muluk bin Abd Manan, A. & Suprayitno, H. 2020, 'Preliminary overview of several capital relocations in relationship with a plan of Indonesian capital relocation', Journal of Infrastructure and Facility Asset Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 73-90, DOI:10.12962/jifam.v2i1.6966.
Mutaqin, D.J., Muslim, M.B. & Rahayu, N.H. 2021, 'Analisis konsep forest city dalam rencana pembangunan ibu kota negara', Bappenas Working Papers, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 13-29, DOI:10.47266/bwp.v4i1.87.
Pesaran, M.H. 2015, 'Hypothesis testing in regression models', Time Series and Panel Data Econometrics, Oxford, Oxford Academic. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198736912.003.0003.
Potts, D. 1985, 'Capital relocation in Africa: The case of lilongwe in Malawi', The Geographical Journal, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 182-96, DOI:10.2307/633532.
Roy, J., Hasid, Z., Lestari, D., Darma, D.C. & Kurniawan, A.E. 2021, 'Covid-19 maneuver on socio-economic: Exploitation using correlation', Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 146–62, DOI:10.21009/jpeb.009.2.6.
Roy, J., Wijaya, A., Darma, D.C. & Kurniawan, A.E. 2022, 'Fiscal decentralization and income inequality: A prediction using the SEM model', Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 379–91, DOI:10.14414/jebav.v24i3.2902.
Salya, S. 2022, 'Moving the national capital (IKN) from the strategic intelligence approach', Italienisch, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 151–59.
Saputra, S.D., Jostgebi, T.G. & Halkis, M. 2021, 'Analisis strategi pemindahan ibu kota negara indonesia ditinjau dari perspektif ekonomi pertahanan (studi kasus upaya pemindahan ibu kota negara dari DKI Jakarta ke Kutai Kartanegara dan Penajam Paser Utara)', Jurnal Ekonomi Pertahanan, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 192-220.
Schatz, E. 2004, 'What capital cities say about state and nation building', Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 111-140, DOI:10.1080/13537110390444140.
Sudrajat, A.S.E. & Siregar, N.A. 2021, 'Identifikasi IKM (industri kecil menengah) Kecamatan Jepara Kabupaten Jepara', Indonesian Journal of Spatial Planning, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 23–9, DOI:10.26623/ijsp.v2i2.4418.
Świetlik, K. 2018, 'Economic growth versus the issue of food security in selected regions and countries worldwide', Problems of Agricultural Economics, vol. 3, no. 356, pp. 127-49, DOI:10.30858/zer/94481.
Unumen, J.O. & Adepoju, A. 2019. 'Evidence of utilisation of the lessons of history for planning and development in Nigeria: The example of the contrast between Lagos and Abuja', African Research Review, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 50-61, DOI:10.4314/afrrev.v13i1.5.
Wahyuningsih, D., Yunaningsih, A., Priadana, M.S., Wijaya, A., Darma, D.C. & Amalia, S. 2020, 'The dynamics of economic growth and development inequality in Borneo Island, Indonesia', Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, vol. 1, no. 67, pp. 135-43, DOI:10.14505/jaes.v15.1(67).12.
Wijaya, A., Darma, S. & Darma, D.C. 2020, 'Spatial interaction between regions: Study of the East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia', International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 937-50, DOI:10.18280/ijsdp.150618.
Wisnujati, N.S. & Patiung, M. 2020, 'As the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector still as a potential in the prosperity of Indonesian society?', Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 319–26, DOI:10.21776/ub.agrise.2020.20.4.7.
Young, W.B. & Ryu, H. 2000, 'Secondary data for policy studies: Benefits and challenges', Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 302-7, DOI:10.1177/152715440000100408.
Yudhatama, P., Nurjanah, F., Diaraningtyas, C. & Revindo, M.D. 2021, 'Food security, agricultural sector resilience, and economic integration: Case study of ASEAN+3', Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 89-109, DOI:10.18196/jesp.v22i1.9605.
Zhou, Z-Y. 2019, Global food security: What matters?, 1st edn, Routledge, London.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anuário do Instituto de Geociências
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a license 