Lógica formal e transcendental: Kant e a questão das relações entre intuição e conceito no juízo
Abstract
Kant atribui à lógica um caráter transcendental na medida em que se considera o conteúdo das representações, e não apenas a forma da relação entre elas. Apesar das evidências, nem sempre se tem observado que o caráter transcendental e o caráter formal da lógica não corresponde a duas lógicas distintas, mas à mesma ciência da "mera forma do pensar", cuja operação elementar é, como se sabe, o juízo. O resultado é o completo esquecimento das condições que, na interpretação kantiana da forma do juízo, permitem transcendentalizar a lógica. Contra essa leitura dominante, caso seja possível explicitar o modo pelo qual os conceitos se relacionam no juízo e, antes, o signifi cado da forma do conceito, talvez se possa compreender sob que condições a lógica, apesar de seu caráter estritamente formal, deve fazer referência a um tipo muito especial de objeto, independente do conteúdo das representações.
Abstract
According to Kant, logic has a transcendental nature insofar as the content of representations is concerned, and not only the form of the relation between them. Despite this apparent feature, there has been some misunderstanding concerning the fact that transcendentality and formality do not correspond to two distinct logics, but are both attributes of the same science of the "mere form of thought", the basic operation of which, as is well known, is judgment. The consequence of this misunderstanding is the complete omission of the conditions that make the transcendentalization of logic possible according to Kant's interpretation of the form of judgment. Contrary to this dominant approach, if it is possible to elicit not only the mode whereby concepts are related in judgment, but also the sense of the form of the concept, it may be possible to understand under what conditions reference to a very particular kind of object is necessary to logic, notwithstanding its strictly formal nature.
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