Emergência do setor de petróleo na Guiana: estudo inspirado no debate sobre o neoextrativismo
Mots-clés :
Petróleo, Guiana, Neoextrativismo, Estado, DesenvolvimentoRésumé
Em 2015, descobriram-se na Guiana grandes quantidades offshore de petróleo e gás. A extração vem gerando importantes receitas de exportação, que estimulam medidas para promover o desenvolvimento no país com o aproveitamento delas. Baseado em pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, o estudo caracteriza a Guiana como uma economia petroleira e discute, à luz do debate sobre o neoextrativismo, ações realizadas até o início de 2023. Argumenta-se que o figurino neoextrativista está presente. Há forte envolvimento público, inclusive com definição de termos contratuais de exploração bastante favoráveis às empresas estrangeiras. O mesmo se aplica à busca de condições para usufruir dos resultados, visando diversificar a economia e multiplicar oportunidades sociais. Mas a fragilidade institucional do país, as carências e o peso dos interesses do grande capital internacional, entre outros aspectos, autorizam o ceticismo e fazem dessa experiência um instigante assunto para estudos sobre desenvolvimento na América Latina.
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