Pluralidade de ‘políticas’ na economia política da divisão global do trabalho
Palavras-chave:
Divisão global do trabalho, liberalismo, nacionalismo, marxismoResumo
A questão da divisão internacional do trabalho, a base do comércio internacional, está no início do campo da economia política internacional. Afinal, os benefícios e os perigos da divisão do trabalho têm sido discutidos pelo menos desde a descrição detalhada de Adam Smith no século XVIII. Com relação à divisão internacional do trabalho, três paradigmas foram desenvolvidos já no século XIX e ainda orientam o debate sobre a divisão internacional do trabalho atualmente: as "escolas" liberal, nacionalista econômica e marxista. A primeira aceita a divisão internacional do trabalho, a segunda condiciona seus benefícios ao cumprimento de certas condições e a terceira rejeita o modo de divisão do trabalho. Nas últimas décadas, essas visões foram complementadas pela crítica feminista da divisão de trabalho por gênero. A divisão internacional do trabalho é, portanto, um ponto de partida ideal para fornecer uma visão geral das diferentes vertentes da economia política internacional (EPI) e suas respectivas posições políticas sobre o comércio. Ao tomar nota desses paradigmas, este artigo objetiva compreender melhor os debates atuais sobre a política econômica global. Portanto, primeiro apresentarei essas tradições teóricas individualmente para, em uma segunda etapa, compará-las sistematicamente com sua posição em relação à divisão social do trabalho.
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