Negociando a saúde e autonomia: exclusividade de dados, políticas de saúde e acesso a inovações farmacêuticas
Keywords:
Propriedade intelectual, exclusividade de dados, ensaio clínico, acesso a medicamentos, acesso a tecnologias.Abstract
O artigo analisa a disputa pela difusão internacional da exclusividade de dados como forma de proteção a dados de testes clínicos. Essa é uma demanda crítica para as empresas farmacêuticas, que buscam maiores parcelas de mercado e mais longos períodos de monopólio visando recuperar os investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e maior lucratividade. Entretanto, trata-se de matéria sensível, com repercussões econômicas e sociais para países de menor renda que adotam esse regime de proteção. Esse artigo se fundamenta em questões críticas para a economia política da inovação e apresenta uma revisão de estudos empíricos que mostram, em síntese, que a exclusividade de dados atrasa a entrada de medicamentos genéricos no mercado, aumentando preços e reduzindo o acesso, ao passo que não se encontram benefícios da sua adoção, porque não há efeitos positivos sobre a inovação tecnológica interna, redução do “International drug lag” e o desenvolvimento de medicamentos para demandas epidemiológicas específicas.
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