Energy (In)Security beyond the oil paradigm: The EU’s dependence on “the other” in the case of natural gas

Resumen

This paper aims to analyze energy security beyond the oil paradigm, a proposal that is fully in line with the current energy transition in progress, widely recognized by the IEA and IRENA. To this end, we initially present a theoretical debate about key concepts of the case study to be analyzed next. Based on the concept of “the other”, we stress the relevance of international flows in achieving energy security in different contexts. From the domaindependency binomial, we problematize the concept of “energy security” and present how it can take place at different levels of governance, showing that the context of Agenda 2030 and the current energy transition underway make room for natural gas to replace the relevance of oil in global energy geopolitics. Hence, based on self-other(s) and domain-dependency relations, we assessed the case study of the EU’s vulnerability to Russian natural gas, considering the role played by Turkey in this context. Historically enemies, Russia and Turkey are in a moment of unprecedented approximation since 2019, playing strong roles in relation to the EU’s energy security.