A doutrina chinesa da Ascensão Pacífica: histórico e mudanças recentes
Palabras clave:
China, política externa, ascensão pacífica, sistema internacionalResumen
Este trabalho tem como objetivo traçar um histórico da doutrina de política externa chinesa da Ascensão Pacífica e mostrar que adaptações que foram feitas por conta do maior protagonismo da China no Sistema Internacional.
Citas
ARRIGHI, Giovanni. “Adam Smith in Beijing: Lineages of the Twenty-First Century”. Nova York: Verso, 2007.
BROOMFIELD, Emma V.. “Perceptions of Danger: the China threat theory”. In: Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 12, Nº35, 2003. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1067056022000054605>. Acesso em: 12 fev. 2022.
BUCKLEY, Chris; DAS, Andrew. “In a provocative choice, China picks an athlete with a Uyghur name to help light the cauldron”. Nova York: The New York Times, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/sports/olympics/cauldron-lighting-opening-ceremony-uyghur-china.html>. Acesso em: 04 fev. 2022.
BUZAN, Barry. “China in International Society: Is ‘Peaceful Rise’ Possible?”. In: The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, 2010. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pop014>. Acesso em: 22 jan. 2022.
CAPACCIO, Anthony. “First Taiwan Arms Sale in Biden Administration Is Approved”. Nova York: Bloomberg, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-04/first-arms-sale-to-taiwan-by-biden-administration-is-approved>. Acesso em: 11 nov. 2021.
CHEN, C. C.; COLAPINTO, C.; LUO, Qing. “The 2008 Beijing Olympics opening ceremony: visual insights into China’s soft power”. In: Visual Studies, Vol. 27, Nº2, 2012. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2012.677252>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2022.
CHINA DAILY. “Party resolution reviews past and sets path for the future: China Daily editorial”. Beijing: China Daily, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202111/11/WS618cf8d6a310cdd39bc74d4b.html>. Acesso em 06 mar. 2022.
COMITÊ OLÍMPICO INTERNACIONAL. “Full Opening Ceremony from Beijing 2008 | Throwback Thursday”. Beijing: CGTN, 2008. Publicado pelo canal “Olympics”. Disponível em: <https://youtu.be/bufV3EgyPGU>. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2022.
CONFÚCIO; LEGGE, James. “Book of Rites: Li Yun”. Durham: Chinese Text Project, 1885. Disponível em: <https://ctext.org/liji/li-yun>. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2021.
Relações Exteriores da República Popular da China, 2010. Disponível em: <https://china.usc.edu/dai-bingguo-%E2%80%9Cadhere-path-peaceful-development%E2%80%9D-dec-6-2010>. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
DEN NORSKE NOBELKOMITÉ. “The Nobel Peace Prize for 1989”. Oslo: 1989. Disponível em: <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1989/press-release/>. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2021.
DIÁRIO DO POVO. “‘Go Global’ Investment Strategy Needed for Chinese Enterprises”. Beijing: Diário do Povo, 2001. Disponível em: <http://www.china.org.cn/english/GS-e/19033.htm>. Acesso em 15 fev. 2022.
ESCRITÓRIO DE INFORMAÇÃO DO CONSELHO DE ESTADO DA REPÚBLICA POPULAR DA CHINA. “China's Peaceful Development Road”. Beijing: 2005. Disponível em: <http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/152684.htm>. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2021.
ESTADO DO JAPÃO. “The Constitution of Japan”. 1947. Disponível em: <https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html>. Acesso em: 07 mar. 2022.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. “China’s Quest for Economic, Political Domination Threatens America’s Security”. Washington: FBI, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/director-wray-addresses-threats-posed-to-the-us-by-china-020122>. Acesso em 05 mar. 2022.
FERGUSON, Niall; SCHULARICK, Moritz. “The End of Chimerica”. Cambridge: Harvard Business School, 2009. Disponível em: <https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/10-037_0fdf7d5e-ce9e-45d8-9429-84f8047db65b.pdf>. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2022.
FUNDO MONETÁRIO INTERNACIONAL. “World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, October 2021 edition”. Washington: 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October>. Acesso em: 07 nov. 2021.
FUKUYAMA, Francis. “The End of History?”. Washington: The National Interst Magazine, Nº 16, 1989. Disponível em: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/24027184>. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2021.
GERNET, Jacques. “A History of Chinese Civilization”. 2ª edição. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
GLASER, Bonnie; MEDEIROS, Evan. “The Changing Ecology of Foreign Policy-Making in China: The Ascension and Demise of the Theory of ‘Peaceful Rise’ ”. In: The China Quarterly, Vol. 190, 2007. Disponível em: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/20192771>. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2021.
GLOBAL TIMES. “China's 'wolf-warrior diplomacy' in Alaska meeting impresses world; behind it is the West-East battle: observers”. Beijing: 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202103/1219387.shtml>. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2022.
GLOBO, O. “China ultrapassa o Japão e torna-se segunda maior economia global”. Shanghai: O Globo, 2010. Disponível em: <https://oglobo.globo.com/economia/china-ultrapassa-japao-torna-se-segunda-maior-economia-global-2965714>. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2022.
HU, Yaobang. “Report to the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Create a New Situation in All Fields of Socialist Modernization”. Beijing: Beijing Review, 1982. Disponível em: <http://www.bjreview.com.cn/90th/2011-04/12/content_357550.htm>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2021.
HUGHES, Christopher R.. “In Case You Missed It: China Dream”. University of Nebraska – Lincoln: The China Beat Blog Archive 2008-2012, 2010. Disponível em <https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chinabeatarchive/599/>. Acesso em: 10 fev. 2022.
IKENBERRY, G. J.. “The rise of China and the future of the West” In: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 87, Nº 1, 2008. Disponível em: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2008-01-01/rise-china-and-future-west>. Acesso em 08 mar. 2022.
KINDLEBERGER, Charles P.. “The World in Depression 1929–1939: Revised and Enlarged Edition” 1ª Edição. Berkley: University of California Press, 1986.
KISSINGER, Henry. “Diplomacia”. 1ª Edição. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2012.
________________. “Sobre a China”. 1ª Edição. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2011.
MACKINDER, Halford. “Democratic Ideals Reality”. 1ª dição. Washington: NDU Press, 1962.
MARTINA, Michael. “China says it respects Ukraine's sovereignty and Russia's security concerns”. Washington: Reuters, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/china-says-it-respects-ukraines-sovereignty-russias-security-concerns-2022-02-25/>. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2022.
MATHER, Victor. “The Diplomatic Boycott of the Beijing Winter Olympics, Explained”. Nova York: The New York Times, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/article/diplomatic-boycott-olympics.html>. Acesso em: 04 fev. 2022.
MEARSHEIMER, John. “China’s Unpeaceful Rise”. In: Current History, Vol. 105, Nº 690, 2006. Disponível em <https://www.mearsheimer.com/publications/>. Acesso em: 05 mar. 2022.
___________________. “The Gathering Storm: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia”. In: The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, 2010. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pop016>. Acesso em: 22 jan. 2022.
___________________. “The Inevitable Rivalry”. In: Foreign Affairs, Vol. 100, Nº 6, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2021-10-19/inevitable-rivalry-cold-war>. Acesso em: 06 mar. 2022.
___________________. “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics”. 1ª Edição. Nova York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001.
MEISSNER, Werner. “China's Search for Cultural and National Identity from the Nineteenth Century to the Present”. In: China Perspectives, Vol. 68, 2006. Disponível em: <http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/3103>. Acesso em: 17 out. 2021.
MYERS, Steven L.; TROIANOVSKI, Anton. “Putin and Xi Proclaim Bond as Russia Deploys More Forces Near Ukraine”. Nova York: The New York Times, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/02/03/world/russia-ukraine-xi-putin>. Acesso em 04 dez. 2022.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS. “A/RES/2758(XXVI)”. Nova York: 1971. Disponível em: <https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/2758(XXVI)#Resolution>. Acesso em: 29 out. 2021.