Construction and Validation of Social Anxiety Disorder Exposure and Evaluation Scale – SADEE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36482/1809-5267.ARBP2021v73i2p.112-127Keywords:
Social Anxiety Disorder, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychometrics, Validity, Psychological AssessmentAbstract
In the cases of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), treatment dropout is a frequent problem, which demands the development of instruments that enable treatment compliance. The present paper deals with the construction and validation of the Social Anxiety Disorder Exposure and Evaluation Scale (SADEE). The number of participants in the study was N = 407 responders of both genders. The process of content validity first led to the modification of problematic items. The construct validity was investigated by both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, with the objective of estimating a unidimensional measure. The final adjustment obtained was that CFI = .99; TLI = .98; RMSEA = .04; SRMR = .07; χ2 /gl = 1.70. SADEE presented high correlation with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and high reliability. The conclusion was that SADEE showed satisfactory evidence of construct and concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
References
American Psychiatric Association (Org.). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (5th ed). Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association.
Barlow, D. H. (Org.). (2014). Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-By-Step Treatment Manual (5th ed.). New York. Guilford Publications.
Bilsker, D, & Goldner, E. (2000). Teaching Evidence-Based Practice in Mental Health. 10, 664–669. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10497315000100057
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research, Second Edition. New York. Guilford Publications.
Burato, K. R. da S., Crippa, J. A. de S., & Loureiro, S. R. (2009). Transtorno de ansiedade social e comportamentos de evitação e de segurança: Uma revisão sistemática. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 14, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2009000200010
Caballo, V, Andrés, V, & Bas, F. (2011). Fobia Social. In Livro: Manual para o Tratamento Cognitivo-Comportamental dos Transtornos Psicológicos (p. 25–87). Curitiba. Editora Santos.
Clark, D., & Beck, A. (2011). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice. New York. Guilford Publications.
Filgueiras, A., Galvão, B. D. O., Pires, P., Fioravanti-Bastos, A. C. M., Hora, G. P. R., Santana, C. M. T., & Landeira-Fernandez, J. (2015). Translation and semantic adaptation of the Attentional Control Scale for the Brazilian context. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 32(2), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-166X2015000200003
Hair, J., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Black, W. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis (8a). Andover, Hampshire. Intl Thomson Business Pre.
Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M, Hope, D. A., & Schineier, F. (1995). Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. New York. Guilford Press.
Herbert, J. D, Hope, D. A., & Bellack, A. S. (1992). Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder. - PsycNET. APA PsycNet DoiLanding Page. https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0021-843X.101.2.332
Hernandez-Nieto, R. (2002). Contributions to Statistical Analysis: The Coefficients of Proportional Variance, Content Validity and Kappa. Charleston. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (Orgs.). (2014). Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives (3a). Cambridge. Academic Press.
Leahy, R. L. (2020). ANXIETY FREE: Unravel Your Fears Before They Unravel You. London. Mandecilla Press.
Levitan, M., Nardi, A., Silva, A., & Quevedo, J. (2015a). Transtorno de ansiedade social: Diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial. In PROPSIQ programa de atualização em psiquiatria. (Vol. 2). Porto Alegre. Artmed Panamericana.
Levitan, M., Nardi, A., Silva, A., & Quevedo, J. (2015b). Transtorno de ansiedade social: Tratamento. In PROPSIQ programa de atualização em psiquiatria. (Vol. 1). Porto Alegre. Artmed Panamericana.
Liebowitz, M. R., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., & Klein, D. F. (1985). Social Phobia: Review of a Neglected Anxiety Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42(7), 729–736. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790300097013
MacKenzie, M. B., & Fowler, K. F. (2013). Social Anxiety Disorder in the Canadian Population: Exploring Gender Differences in Sociodemographic Profile. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(4), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.05.006
Margis, R., Picon, P., Cosner, A. F., & Silveira, R. de O. (2003). Relação Entre Estressores, Estresse e Ansiedade. Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 25, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/S010181082003000400008
Nardi, A. E., Quevedo, J., & Silva, A. G. da. (2013). Transtorno de Ansiedade Social: Teoria e Clínica (1a edição). Porto Alegre. Artmed.
Oliva, A. D. (2015). Origens Evolutivas dos Transtornos Mentais e Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. In PROCOGNITIVA Programa de Atualização em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental. (Vol. 2). Porto Alegre. Artimed Panamericana.
Oliveira, I. R. de. (2014). Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy: A Manual for Clinicians. (B. A. Moore, Org.). Oxfordshire. Routledge.
Raiche, G., Walls, T. A., Riopel, M., & Blais, J. G. (2013). Non-graphical solutions for Cattell’s scree test. Methodology. 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1027/16142241/a000051
Rapee, R. M., & Spence, S. H. (2004). The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(7), 737–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004
Revelle, W. (2011). An Overview of the Psych Package. (Department of Psychology Northwestern University). 3, 1–25. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.190.7429&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Rodebaugh, T. L., Fernandez, K. C., & Levinson, C. A. (2012). Testing the Effects of Social Anxiety Disorder on Friendship Quality Across Gender and Ethnicity. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.661451
Rosseel, Y., Oberski, D., Byrnes, J., Vanbrabant, L, Savalei, V, Merkle, E., & Chow, M. (2017). An overview of the psych package. Department of Psychology Northwestern University. https://lavaan.ugent.be
Santos, L. F. dos. (2012). Estudo da validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz—Versão auto-aplicada. São Paulo. Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2012.tde-03112012-112449
Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
The R Foundation. (2018). R: What is R https://www.rproject.org/about.html
Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (1989). Social phobia: Clinical syndrome, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Clinical Psychology Review, 9(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(89)90043-3
Published
Issue
Section
License
The approval of the text implies immediate and without charge assignment for the rights of publication in Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, which will have the exclusive right upon the first publication. Notwithstanding the above, the author retains the copyright to later publications. In case of republishing the paper in other media, it is recommended to mention the first publication in Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia.
Copyright for papers published in this journal are the authors', with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, the papers are free access for educational and non-commercial purposes.
Partial reproduction of other publications
Submitted manuscripts which contain extracts from other publications should comply with the specified limits to ensure originality of the submitted work. It is recommended to avoid reproducing figures, tables, charts or graphs extracted from other publications.
Manuscripts which contain reproduction of one or more figures, tables, charts or graphs extracted from other publications shall be forwarded to evaluation only if they are accompanied by written permission from the copyright holder of the original work for the specified reproduction in Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia. The permission should be addressed to the author of the submitted work. Under no circumstances Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia and the authors of the published papers in this Journal will transfer the rights thus obtained.