Como as crianças avaliam suas vidas? Um estudo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo (Portugal).
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54948/desidades.v0i34.44473Palabras clave:
crianças, bem-estar subjetivo, escola, participaçãoResumen
O projeto ISCWeB – Children’s Worlds (http://www.isciweb.org/) é desenvolvido pela International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), com o apoio de peritos da OCDE, UNICEF e World Vision. Com este projeto recolhem-se dados sobre as vidas das crianças, o modo como utilizam o seu tempo e como percecionam o seu próprio bem-estar. A terceira e última fase de recolha de dados decorreu entre 2016 e 2019. O seu objetivo é promover o bem-estar das crianças e o seu envolvimento nos assuntos relacionados com as suas vidas, em cumprimento das obrigações assumidas com a ratificação da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança.
No âmbito da 3ª fase de recolha de dados, coordenado pelo CIS – Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (ISCTE – IUL), o inED – Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Educação (ESE – IPP) selecionou uma amostra de escolas públicas na Área Metropolitana do Grande Porto, tendo como população-alvo crianças com 10 anos de idade (ou a frequentar o 5º ano). Os dados foram recolhidos diretamente junto de 211 crianças em contexto de sala de aula, através da aplicação de inquérito.
Neste artigo apresentamos alguns resultados obtidos, revelando a opinião destas crianças sobre a sua escola, o dinheiro e as coisas que têm, os direitos das crianças e a vida no seu país, entre outros parâmetros avaliados, e que remetem nomeadamente para a apreciação da sua vida como um todo. Os resultados, que comparamos com os resultados de outros países europeus, indicam que as crianças nestas idades têm uma perceção muito positiva sobre a sua vida, nas várias dimensões estudadas. No entanto, não obstante a relação de confiança com os professores, a escola parece não ser um ambiente seguro para todas as crianças; a situação económica familiar constitui uma preocupação para muitas; e é significativo o desconhecimento da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos da Criança.
Citas
ADAMS, S.; SAVAHL, S. Children’s discourses of natural spaces: considerations for children’s subjective well-being. Child Indicators Research, n. 10, p. 423-446, 2016.
ATWOOL, N. Birth Family Contact for Children in Care: How Much? How Often? Who With? Child Care in Practice, v. 2, n. 19, p. 181-198, 2013.
BAKER, J. A. et al. Schools as caring communities: a relational approach to school reform. School Psychology Review, n. 26, p. 586-602, 1997.
BRADSHAW, J. Subjective well-being and social policy: can nations make their children happier? Child Indicators Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-4, 2015.
BEN-ARIEH, A. Measuring and monitoring the well-being of young children around the world. Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2007, Strong foundations: Early childhood care and education. New York: UNESCO, 2006.
BEN-ARIEH, A. The child indicators movement: past, present and future. Child Indicators Research, n. 1, p. 3-16, 2008.
BEN-ARIEH, A. et al. Multifaceted concept of child well-being. In: ______. (Org.). Handbook of child well-being. New York: Springer, 2014. p. 1-28.
BOUMA, H. et al. Meaningful participation for children in the Dutch child protection system: a critical analysis of relevant provisions in policy documents. Child Abuse & Neglect, n. 79, p. 279-292, 2018.
CAMPBELL, A.; CONVERSE, P. E.; RODGERS, W. L. The quality of American life: perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation, 1976.
CARVALHO, J. M. S. et al. Subjective Well-Being of Children in Care: Comparison between Portugal and Catalonia. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, v. 38, p. 81-90. 2021.
CARVALHO, J. M. S.; PINTO, V.; DELGADO, P. Decision making process in the child protection system: A comparative study between students and professionals in Portugal. Journal of Family Trauma, Child Custody & Child Development, v. 17, n. 1, p. 58-75. 2020.
CASAS, F. Bienestar material y bienestar subjetivo. In: CASTRO, G. (Org.). Educo. El bien estar, una conversación actual de la humanidad. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, 2015. p. 18-34.
CASAS, F. Children, adolescents and quality of life: the social science perspective over two decades. In: MAGGINO, F. (Org.). A Life devoted to quality of life. New York: Springer, 2016. p. 3-21.
CASAS, F.; BELLO, A. Calidad de vida y bienestar infantil subjetivo en España. Madrid: UNICEF, 2012.
CASAS, F.; GONZÁLEZ, M. School: one world or two worlds? Children's perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, n. 80, p. 157-170, 2017.
CH TELET, M. Discurso sobre a felicidade. Lisboa: Relógio D’Água, 2004 (Original de 1779).
CHILDREN’S WORLDS. Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 17 countries: key messages from each country. S.L.: Children’s Worlds, 2016.
CUMMINS, R. A. et al. Developing a national index of subjective wellbeing: the Australian Unity Wellbeing Index. Social Indicators Research, v. 64, n. 2, p. 159-190, 2003.
DELGADO, P. et al. The subjective well-being of Portuguese children in foster care, residential care and children living with their families: challenges and implications for a child care system still focused on institutionalization. Child Indicators Research, v. 13, n. 1, p. 67-84, 2020.
DIENER, E. Assessing subjective well-being: progress and opportunities. In: ______. (Org.). Assessing well-being. Springer: Dordrecht, 2009. p. 25-65.
DINISMAN, T.; BEN-ARIEH, A. The Characteristics of Children’s Subjective Well-Being. Social Indicators Research, n. 126, p. 555-569, 2015.
DINISMAN, T.; MONTSERRAT, C.; CASAS, F. The subjective well-being of Spanish adolescents: Variations according to different living arrangements. Children and Youth Services Review, v. 34, n. 12, p. 2374-2380, 2012.
FATTORE, T.; FEGTER, S.; HUNNER-KREISEL, C. Children’s understandings of well-being in global and local contexts: Theoretical and methodological considerations for a multinational qualitative study. Child Indicators Research, v. 12, n. 2, p. 385-407, 2019.
FELDMAN-BARRETT, L.; RUSSELL, J. A. Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 74, n. 4, p. 967, 1998.
GALINHA, I. Bem-estar subjectivo: factores cognitivos, afectivos e contextuais. Coimbra: Quarteto Editora, 2008.
GONZÁLEZ, M. et al. Adolescents’ Perspective on Their Participation in the Family Context and its Relationship with Their Subjective Well-Being. Child Indicators Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 93-109, 2015.
HUEBNER, E. S. Initial development of the Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. School Psychology International, n. 12, p. 231-243, 1991.
HUEBNER, E. S. et al. Schooling and children’s subjective well-being. In: BEN-ARIEH, A. et al. (Org.). Handbook of child well-being. New York: Springer, 2014. p. 797-819.
JACKSON, S.; CAMERON, C. Improving access to further and higher education for young people in public care. European policy and practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2014.
JORONEN, K.; ASTEDT-KURKI, P. Familial contribution to adolescent subjective well-being. International Journal of Nursing Practice, v. 11, n. 3, p. 125-133, 2005.
LEE, B.; YOO, M. Family, school, and community correlates of children’s subjective well-being: An international comparative study. Child Indicators Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 151-175, 2015.
LIMA, R.; MORAIS, N. Subjective well-being of children and adolescents: Integrative review. Ciências Psicológicas, v. 12, n. 2, p. 249-260, 2018.
LLOSADA-GISTAU, J.; CASAS, F.; MONTSERRAT, C. What Matters in for the Subjective Well-Being of Children in Care? Child Indicators Research, n. 10, p. 735-760, 2017.
LUNDY, L. Voice’ is not enough: conceptualising article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. British Educational Research Journal, v. 33, n. 6, p. 927-942, 2007.
MERRITT, D. Placement preferences among children living in foster or kinship care: A cluster analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, n. 30, p. 1336-1344, 2008.
MONTSERRAT, C.; CASAS, F. What role do children play in social services?. Psicoperspectivas, v. 17, n. 2, p. 1-12, 2018.
NYBELL, L. Locating “youth voice:” considering the contexts of speaking in foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, n. 35, p. 1227-1235, 2013.
OECD. PISA 2015 Results (Volume III): Students’ Well-Being. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2017.
OBERLE, E.; SCHONERT-REICHL, K. A.; ZUMBO, B. D. Life satisfaction in early adolescence: Personal, neighbourhood, school, family, and peer influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, v. 40, n. 7, p. 889-901, 2011.
ORKIBI, H.; RONEN, T.; ASSOULIN, N. The subjective well-being of israeli adolescents attending specialized school classes. Journal of Educational Psychology, v. 106, n. 2, p. 515-526, 2014.
POLETTO, S; KOLLER, H. Subjective Well-Being in Socially Vulnerable Children and Adolescents. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, v. 24, n. 3, 476-484, 2011.
REES, G.; BRADSHAW, J.; ANDRESEN, S. Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 16 countries: A report on the Children's World's survey of children aged 8 years old, 2013-15. S.L.: Children´s Worlds, 2015.
REES, G. et al. Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 35 countries: A report on the Children’s Worlds project, 2016-19. Jerusalem: Children’s Worlds Project (ISCWeB), 2020.
REES, G.; MAIN, G. Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 15 countries: An initial report on the Children’s Worlds survey, 2013-14. York: Children’s Worlds Project (ISCWeB), 2015.
REES, G.; POPLE, L.; GOSWAMI, H. Understanding Children’s Well-Being. Links between family economic factors and children’s subjective well-being: Initial findings from wave 2 and wave 3 quarterly surveys. London: The Children’s Society, 2011.
RODRIGUES, S. et al. Psychological Adjustment of Adolescents in Residential Care: Comparative Analysis of Youth Self-Report/Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, n. 36, p. 247-258, 2019.
SELIGSON, J. L.; HUEBNER, E. S.; VALOIS, R. F. Preliminary validation of the Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale. Social Indicators Research, n. 61, p. 121-145, 2003.
SILVA, A.; MATOS, M.; DINIZ, J. Escola e bem-estar. Revista de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente, n. 1, p. 117-140, 2010.
SCHÜTZ, F. et al. Subjective well-being of children in residential care: Comparison between children in institutional care and children living with their families. Psicoperspectivas, v. 14, n. 1, p. 19-30, 2015.
STEINMAYR R. et al. School-related and individual predictors of subjective well-being and academic achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, n. 9, Article 2631, 2018.
TAMAR, D.; BEN-ARIEH, A. The characteristics of children’s subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, n. 126, p. 555-569, 2015.
TAMAR, D.; MAIN, G.; FERNANDES, L. Editorial: Findings from the First Wave of the ISCWeB Project: International Perspectives on Child Subjective Well-Being.
Child Indicators Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-4, 2015.
TAMAR, D.; REES, G. Children’s Worlds: findings from the first wave data collection. S.L.: Children´s Worlds, 2014.
TOMYN, A. Youth connections subjective wellbeing report: Part A: Report 4.0. Melbourne: RMIT University, 2014.
VIÑAS, F. et al. Social disadvantage, subjective well-being and coping strategies in childhood: The case of northeastern Brazil. Children and Youth Services Review, v. 97(C), p. 14-21, 2017.
Descargas
Archivos adicionales
- Tabela 1 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 2 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 3 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 4 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 5 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 6 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 7 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 8 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 9 (Português (Brasil))
- Tabela 10 (Português (Brasil))
- Manuscrito sem tabelas (Português (Brasil))
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Todo el contenido de la Revista está licenciado sobre la Licencia Creative Commons BY NCND 4.0.
