“ANARCHISTIC SPAIN” – IS AN ANARCHISTIC SYSTEM CHANGE POSSIBLE AFTER THE CORONA CRISIS? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPAIN´S DEVELOPMENT
Resumo
O presente artigo analisa a probabilidade de haver uma mudança anarquista na Espanha após a crise do COVID 2019-2020. Essa pergunta surge porque é sabido que, em tempos de crise, normalmente são abertos diferentes canais para a mudança do sistema, tal como a reorganização da acumulação de poder. Investigamos se esse é realmente o caso da atual crise. Para fazer isso, a teoria da acumulação e participação de poder por meio de diferentes autores é primeiro analisada, depois o anarquismo é definido e explicado, o COVID-19 também é explicado e, no final da primeira parte, a história da Espanha é examinada brevemente. A metodologia que usamos para responder à pergunta é a análise de causas que ao longo da história levaram a um surto de revoluções. Examinamos as possíveis causas e seus indicadores através das lentes de Pateman, Alperovitz e Melman, bem como o esquema de organização de Louis Gottschalk em relação às causas das revoluções. Diferentes conceitos são considerados, como alienação e participação, por exemplo. Em conclusão, a principal descoberta é que uma mudança no sistema anarquista semelhante ao que ocorreu na Espanha na década de 1930 é improvável devido a razões como a realidade econômica, sociológica e política de hoje. No entanto, diferentes movimentos anarquistas ainda podem ocorrer, como é discutido na seção 5.2 Alternativas a uma revolução.Referências
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Appendix
Interview Protocol with Anselmo Lorenzo Foundation (Juan Cruz)
What does your organization do and what does it stand for?
A.: The Anselmo Lorenzo Foundation is a cultural foundation that aims to conserve and disseminate the documentary heritage of the Confederation National Labor Office (CNT).
How different was Spain during the 1930s from the current Spain that paved the way for anarchist movements?
A.: The libertarian movement of the 30s was composed, fundamentally, by manual workers who developed their labor lives in the context of a country (Spain) with a very strong concentration of wealth and labor legislation that favored exploitation.
How strong was the anarchist movement during the 1930s compared to today? What intermediaries (such as the State, the church, the military, etc.) corroborated for this movement?
A.: The anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist movement in the Spain of the 1930s has nothing to do with today. The CNT was a union organization that brought together most of the workers unionized in Spain and had hundreds of unions scattered throughout Spain. The libertarian movement, moreover, was endowed with hundreds of libertarian athenaeums, newspapers and a social and cultural fabric that made a counterbalance to the hegemonic power of the Church, the State and Capital.
Do you think it is possible, after the COVID-19 crisis, to have an anarchist movement similar to the one that occurred during the Spanish civil war? why?
A.: No. The situation of the libertarian movement has nothing to do with it. It is currently a minority, compared to that of the 1930s.
How did World War I and the financial collapse of 1929 affect power and anarchist movements?
A.: I'm not a specialist in this topic, so I don't think my opinion is valid. In any case, Spain did not participate in the First War World. The financial collapse of 1929 was felt in Spain, but I think its consequences did not have much to do with the gradual strengthening of the libertarian movement organizations.
What institution in society is responsible for Spanish citizens to learn about anarchist movements?
A.: I do not think that to any institution dependent on the State, the power political or economic power corresponds to promote knowledge of the libertarian movement, because it is the enemy of all these institutions and power. Improving knowledge of movement libertarian, his ideas, history and organizational strategies correspond, first of all, to the organizations of the libertarian movement and to groups, the media, etc. linked to this movement.
What are the biggest barriers to general change in the system in Spain? How does it compare to the past?
A.: For me the barriers are still the same as always. If we understand the social change in the key of improvement for workers, I think the biggest barrier is, on the one hand, individualism and the lack of class consciousness. On the other hand, delegationism also influence the political parties. In the international context, the power of the economic elite and large companies is still diametrically superior to that of organizations interested in a social change favorable to the social majority. That power was not so unbalanced in times of past, since, in comparison, the workers' organizations were much more powerful, there was much more class consciousness and there was mass media (the workers' press) with a wide profile among popular classes.
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