RESPOSTAS MORFOLÓGICAS DE Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (MART.) H.HARA (ONAGRACEAE) À SAZONALIDADE HÍDRICA DO PANTANAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2304.12Keywords:
aquatic macrophyte, ecological anatomy, lombrigueira.Abstract
Em planícies de inundação, espécies de macrófitas respondem à sazonalidade hídrica por meio de alteração morfológica. Órgãos vegetativos de Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Myrtales, Onagraceae) podem desenvolver-se em ambiente aquático e em solo livre de inundação. Acreditamos que órgãos vegetativos de plantas do segundo ambiente não apresentem adaptações típicas (e.g., aerênquima, redução de lignificação, desenvolvimento de raízes adventícias) de ambientes aquáticos. Mediu-se o comprimento, largura e espessura do limbo; espessura do caule; comprimento dos entrenós; e comprimento das raízes de indivíduos dos dois ambientes. Analisou-se a anatomia das porções medianas dos órgãos e quantificou-se os estômatos. Órgãos vegetativos foram maiores nas plantas desenvolvidas na água; densidade de estômatos semelhante nas faces do limbo nos dois ambientes, entretanto maior no solo seco. Tecidos de adaptação à anoxia, como aerênquima, expresso em maior quantidade nas plantas d’água, facilitando o transporte de gases, reduzindo fitotoxinas e suportando a planta. Há anatomia similar nos indivíduos dos dois ambientes, contudo ausência ou redução do aerênquima nos órgãos aéreos das plantas de solo seco, com presença apenas de raiz adventícia “principal” e laterais pilíferas. Nas plantas d’água observou-se quatro tipos de raízes adventícias (pneumatóforos e raiz com acréscimo de aerênquima). Evidenciamos plasticidade morfológica, importante para o sucesso no estabelecimento e sobrevivência da espécie no Pantanal.
MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (MART.) H.HARA (ONAGRACEAE) TO PANTANAL WATER SEASONALITY. In floodplains, species of macrophytes respond to water seasonality through morphological alteration. Vegetative organs of Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Myrtales, Onagraceae) can develop in aquatic environment and in soil free of flood. We believe that vegetative organs of plants of the second environment do not present typical adaptations (e.g. aerenchyma, lignification reduction, adventitious root development) of aquatic environments. The limb length, width and thickness; stem thickness; length of internodes; and roots length of individuals in the two environments were measured. The anatomy of the medial portions of the organs was analyzed and the stomata quantified. Vegetative organs were larger in plants developed in water; density of stomata similar to the limb faces in both environments, but higher in the dry soil. Adapting tissues to anoxia, as aerenchyma, expressed in greater quantity in water plants, facilitating the gases transport, reducing phytotoxins and giving plant support. There is similar anatomy in the individuals of both environments, however absence or reduction of aerenchyma in the aerial organs of dry soil plants, with presence of only “principal” adventitious root and lateral piliferous. In the water plants four types of adventitious roots (pneumatophores and root with addition of aerenchyma) were observed. We demonstrate morphological plasticity, important for success in establishing and surviving the species in the Pantanal.
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