ECOLOGIA TRÓFICA DE PEIXES DE RIACHO: UMA RELEITURA 20 ANOS DEPOIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.04Keywords:
alimentação, ambientes aquáticos tropicais, fluxo de energia, ictiofauna, teias tróficasAbstract
A grande extensão e diversidade nas condições ecológicas de ecossistemas de riacho no Brasil são amplamente reconhecidas. Nas últimas duas décadas, estudos sobre a ictiofauna destes ambientes
contribuíram para um avanço no conhecimento de questões relativas à alimentação e ecologia trófica, porém, o volume de informações hoje disponível, apesar de amplo, é ainda fragmentado. A partir de
pesquisas em bancos de dados (Scopus, Web of Science, ASFA e Scielo), o presente artigo apresenta o estado da arte dos estudos sobre ecologia trófica de peixes de riachos no Brasil, um tema essencial para a compreensão do funcionamento desses ecossistemas. Foram analisados estudos que utilizam diferentes
métodos e abordagens relativos à dieta, sua relação com a morfologia e com a variação ontogenética e partilha de recursos, além da influência de variações sazonais e espaciais, e dos impactos antrópicos sobre as relações tróficas. Por fim, são apontadas lacunas e perspectivas para estudos futuros, que compreendem respostas relacionadas às influências antrópicas, aspectos teóricos relacionados à ecologia trófica, bem como abordagens ainda pouco exploradas em estudos de peixes de riachos, que deverão auxiliar na melhor compreensão do funcionamento de riachos tropicais.
TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF STREAM FISHES: The great extent and diversity of ecological conditions of stream ecosystems in Brazil are widely recognized. In the last two decades, studies on stream fishes have contributed to the knowledge about their trophic ecology. However, the large amount of available information is yet fragmented. This chapter presents the state of the art of studies about feeding and trophic ecology of stream fishes in Brazil, an essential topic to understand ecosystem functioning. The review presented here was based on searches on different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ASFA and Scielo). Results included studies that used different methods and approaches to evaluate the diet of fish species and assemblages, their relationship with morphology and ontogenetic variation, resource partitioning, seasonal and spatial variations, and anthropic impacts on trophic interactions. Finally, knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies on fish trophic ecology are pointed out, including responses to anthropic influences, theoretical aspects, and the use of underexplored approaches to the subject, which may aid to our understanding of tropical streams.
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