THE UNPREDICTABLE EXPLOSIVE DISPERSAL MECHANISM OF A PRICKLY NEOTROPICAL SOLANUM (SOLANACEAE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2503.13Keywords:
Autochory, berry, dispersal syndromes, explosive mechanism, seed dispersal.Abstract
The mechanism of explosive dehiscence is rare in fruits in Solanum (Solanaceae), being reported for Solanum sect. Gonatotricum, a small non-aculeate group belonging to the Brevantherum clade. We tested empirically the presence of this strategy in populations of the closely related S. mellobarretoi and S. leptostachys, species belonging to the Leptostemonum clade, a group that comprises most aculeate species of the genus. Our results showed the occurrence of the explosive dehiscence in berries of S. mellobarretoi, but not in S. leptostachys, besides their phylogenetic and morphological similarities. We confirmed the homoplasic nature of the mechanism within the genus and highlight the importance of conducting empirical studies, contributing to reduce knowledge gaps on seed dispersal in the Neotropics.
References
Agra, M. F., & Stehmann, J. R. 2016. A new species of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) from the Southern Espinhaço range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phytotaxa, 288(3), 258–264. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.288.3.6
Albuquerque, L. B. 2001. Polinização e dispersão de sementes em solanáceas neotropicais Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), p. 183.
Bragioni, T. L. S. 2018. Diversidade morfológica dos frutos e síndromes de dispersão em espécies de Solanum L. clado Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) neotropicais e anatomia de bagas explosivas. Master thesis. Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. p. 98.
Catterall, C. P. 2016. Dynamics of preemergent herbicides in production systems with straw1. Biotropica, 48(6), 809–824. DOI: 10.1111/btp.12384
Cronk, Q. 2009. The molecular organography of plants. Oxford University Press, New York: p. 288.
Deminics, B., Vieira, H. D., Araújo, S. A. C., Jardim, J. G., Pádua, F. T., & Neto, A. C. 2009. Dispersão Natural De Sementes: Importância , Classificação E Sua Dinâmica Nas Pastagens Tropicais. Archivos de Zootecnia, 58, 35–58.
Driscoll, D. A., Banks, S. C., Barton, P. S., Ikin, K., Lentini, P., Lindenmayer, D. B., Smith, A. L., Berry, L. E., Burns, E. L., Edworthy, A., Evans, M. J., Gibson, R., Heinsohn, R., Howland, B., Kay, G., Munro, N., Scheele, B. C., Stirnemann, I., Stojanovic, D., Sweaney, N., Villaseñor, N. R., & Westgate, M. J. 2014. The trajectory of dispersal research in conservation biology. Systematic review. PLoS ONE, 9(4), 1–18. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095053
Frodin, D. G. 2004. History and Concepts of Big Plant Genera. Taxon, 53(3), 753–776.
Guariguata, M. R., & Ostertag, R. 2001. Neotropical secondary forest succession: Changes in structural and functional characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management, 148(1–3), 185–206. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00535-1
Hernindez-Conrique, D., Iniguez-Divalos, L. I., & Storz, J. F. 1997. Selective feeding by phyllostomid fruit bats in a subtropical montane cloud forest. Biotropica, 29(3), 376–379. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1997.tb00441.x
Knapp, S. 2002. Tobacco to tomatoes: a phylogenetic perspective on fruit diversity in the Solanaceae. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(377), 2001–2022. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erf068
Knapp, S., Sagona, E., Carbonell, A. K. Z., & Chiarini, F. 2017. A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys, 2017(84), 1–104. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695
Meguro, M., Pirani, J. R., Mello-Silva, R. de, & Giulietti, A. M. 1996. Caracterização florística e estrutural de matas ripárias e capões de altitude da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais. Boletim de Botânica Da Universidade de São Paulo, 15, 13–29.
Nathan, R., & Muller-Landau, H. C. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(7), 278–285. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01874-7
Oliveira, A. B., Silva, A. M., Lopes, C. A., Ribeiro, C. S. C., Lopes, D., Cruz, D. M. R., Marques, D. M. C., França, F. H., Reifschneider, F. J. B., Buso, G. S. C., Bianchetti, L. de B., Ferreira, M. E., Pozzobon, M. T., Resende, R. de O., Carvalho, S. I. C. de, Pinheiro, V. L., & Casali, V. W. D. 2000. Capsicum: pimenta e pimentões no Brasil. Brasilia, DF: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica: p. 113.
Ouborg, N. J., Piquot, Y., & Van Groenendael, J. M. 1999. Population genetics, molecular markers and the study of dispersal in plants. Journal of Ecology, 87(4), 551–568. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00389.x
Pijl, L. Van Der 1972. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. Editora Springer-Verlag, New York. p. 170.
Ribeiro, G. V. T., Teixido, A. L., Barbosa, N. P. U., & Silveira, F. A. O. 2016. Assessing bias and knowledge gaps on seed ecology research: implications for conservation agenda and policy. Ecological Applications, 26(7), 2033–2043. DOI: 10.1890/15-1852.1
Ribeiro, M. C., & Figueira, J. E. C. 2011. Uma abordagem histórica do fogo no Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais – Brasil. Biodiversidade Brasileira, 2, 212–227.
Ríos-Saldaña, C. A., Delibes-Mateos, M., & Ferreira, C. C. 2018. Are fieldwork studies being relegated to second place in conservation science? Global Ecology and Conservation, 14, e00389. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00389
Särkinen, T., Olmstead, R. G., Bohs, L., & Knapp, S. 2013. A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000-tip tree. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 214. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-13-214
Stern, S., & Bohs, L. 2012. An explosive innovation: Phylogenetic relationships of Solanum section Gonatotrichum (Solanaceae). PhytoKeys, 98(8), 89–98. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.8.2199
Stern, S., Bohs, L., Giacomin, L., Stehmann, J., & Knapp, S. 2013. A Revision of Solanum Section Gonatotrichum. Systematic Botany, 38(2), 471–496. DOI: 10.1600/036364413x666624
Stern, S. R., Weese, T., & Bohs, L. A. 2010. Phylogenetic Relationships in Solanum Section Androceras (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany, 35(4), 885–893. DOI: 10.1600/036364410x539934
Symon, D. E. 1979. Fruit diversity and dispersal in Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, 1(6), 321–331.
Vasconcellos-neto, J., Albuquerque, L. B. De, & Silva, W. R. 2009. Seed dispersal of Solanum thomasiifolium Sendtner ( Solanaceae ) in the Linhares Forest , Espírito Santo state , Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 23(4), 1171–1179.
Vorontsova, M. S., Stern, S., Bohs, L., & Knapp, S. 2013. African spiny Solanum(subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 173(2), 176–193. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12053
Weese, T. L., & Bohs, L. 2007. A Three-Gene Phylogeny of the Genus Solanum (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany, 32(2), 445–463. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Whalen, M. D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarum (11) 1–67.
Zama, M. Y., Bovolenta, Y. R., Carvalho, E. S., Rodrigues, D. R., Araújo, C. G., Sorace, M. A. F., & Luz, D. G. 2012. Florística e síndromes de dispersão de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas no Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, PR, Brasil. Hoehnea, 39(3), 369–378.
