ECOLOGIA DO MOVIMENTO EM PEIXES DE RIACHO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.10Keywords:
Marcação e recaptura, Paradigma do movimento restrito, MigraçãoAbstract
Movimento é um fator chave da dinâmica espacial e do tamanho das populações de peixes. É um dos principais mecanismos para manter populações viáveis e também responde pela dispersão, colonização e execução de etapas da vida dos indivíduos. O paradigma do movimento restrito, atualmente refutado, previa que peixes de água doce não se movimentam. Entretanto estudos mostram que, além de se movimentar em curta e larga escala, os padrões de movimento desses peixes têm, em geral, motivação reprodutiva, alimentar, busca por abrigo, colonização ou exploração. Os estudos sobre movimento de peixes Neotropicais estão concentrados nos grandes migradores de grandes bacias, como Amazonas e Paraná. Para riachos, onde predominam espécies de pequeno porte, pouco ainda se sabe sobre o movimento e suas motivações. Nesta revisão mostramos que são ainda bastante escassos os estudos sobre o movimento de peixes em riachos neotropicais. Propomos um protocolo para obtenção de dados e ferramentas analíticas para determinação do movimento dos peixes em riachos. Destacamos três ferramentas para essas análises: (i) análise da estrutura espaço-temporal do tamanho dos indivíduos, (ii) experimentos de marcação-recaptura e (iii) análises moleculares. Concluímos que, dadas as limitações de cada análise, a utilização das três ferramentas deveria ser realizada de forma conjunta.
TITLE: ECOLOGY OF MOVEMENT IN STREAM-DWELLING FISH
ABSTRACTMovement is a key factor in spatial dynamics and the size of fish populations. It is one of the main mechanisms for maintaining viable populations and also accounts for the dispersion, colonization and performance of individuals life stages. The currently refuted restricted movement paradigm predicted that freshwater fish would not move. However, studies show that in addition to moving on a short and large scale, the movement patterns of these fish have, in general, reproductive, food, search for shelter, colonization or exploitation motivation. Studies on the movement of Neotropical fish are concentrated on the large migrators from large basins, such as Amazonas and Paraná. For streams, where small species predominate, little is known about the movement and its motivations. In this review, we show that studies on the movement of fish in neotropical streams are still very scarce. We propose a protocol for obtaining data and analytical tools for determining fish movement in streams. We highlight three tools for that: (i) analysis of the spatio-temporal structure of the size of the fish, (ii) mark-recapture experiments and (iii) molecular analyzes. We conclude that, given the limitation of each analysis, the use of the three tools must be carried out jointly.
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