PAISAGENS FLUVIAIS E PEIXES DE RIACHO: UMA INTRODUÇÃO AOS DADOS, UNIDADES ESPACIAIS DE ANÁLISE E CLASSIFICAÇÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.17Keywords:
catchments, fluvial, geomorphology, fish fauna, habitat, landscapes, metricsAbstract
O conhecimento sobre paisagens fluviais e sua relação com peixes de riacho expandiu-se muito desde os anos 1990. Entre as diversas condições determinantes deste progresso, quatro podem ser destacadas: (a) a disponibilidade de tecnologias e dados geoespaciais; (b) a contextualização da área de estudo em relação a compartimentos geográficos de ampla escala geográfica (biomas, grandes bacias hidrográficas, ecorregiões); (c) a definição das unidades espaciais de análise (e.g. bacias, riachos, segmentos de riacho) e sua caracterização por atributos (e.g., área, comprimento, declividade, intermitente/perene), e (d) o uso dessas informações para classificações das unidades espaciais de estudo. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um panorama introdutório de cada um desses aspectos, com ênfase em estudos no Brasil e, ao final, apresentamos sugestões para desenvolvimento futuro. Estas incluem: a consolidação de bases de dados regionais e nacionais que potencializem a análise de paisagens fluviais; o treinamento de estudantes e profissionais em sistemas de informação geográfica e bancos de dados espaciais; o desenvolvimento de sistemas de classificação em diferentes extensões e refinamentos espaciais e a pesquisa sobre atributos das paisagens fluviais, incluindo conectividade e dinâmica temporal.
RIVERSCAPES AND FISH: AN INTRODUCTION TO DATA, SPATIAL UNITS AND CLASSIFICATION: Research on riverscapes and stream fish ecology has undergone a wide progress since the 1990s. Several conditions have been pointed out as essential in this progress, including the following four: (a) availability of geo-technology and spatial data, (b) setting the regional context of study areas (biomes, large river basins, ecoregions); (c) defining hierarchical spatial units of analysis (watersheds, segments, reaches) and their attributes (e.g., area, slope, order, perennial/intermittent), and (d) classification of spatial units according to their attributes. Here we present an introduction to these topics, using examples from studies in Brazilian streams, where research progress on riverscapes and stream fish has occurred only more recently. We identify a few challenges in the Brazilian context, including the standardization and consolidation of regional and national spatial databases that support riverscape analyses, training fish ecologists in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial data, expanding the use of classification systems in different spatial coverages and resolutions, research on structural, spatial and temporal attributes of spatial units in riverscape analyses.References
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