CONTAMINAÇÃO POR MICROPLÁSTICOS EM PRAIAS ARENOSAS NO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2023.2701.01Keywords:
impactos, costa brasileira, plasticoAbstract
A presença e persistência de microplásticos (MPs) no ambiente marinho causam diversos impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Esta revisão identificou lacunas, avaliou o cenário atual de estudos com MPs em praias arenosas do Brasil e elencou as metodologias aplicadas para análise desse material. Em escala global, as publicações sobre MPs são datadas a partir de 1974, porém no Brasil, o primeiro artigo foi publicado em 2009. Os compartimentos da praia com maior número de estudos sobre MPs foram o sedimento (76%), seguido da água (12%) e biota (12%). Os estudos revisados evidenciam que as principais fontes de MPs são turismo, pesca e descarga de rios, enquanto a ação das ondas e ventos contribui para dispersão dessas partículas para praias menos urbanizadas. A identificação dos padrões e processos da contaminação de praias brasileiras por MPs esbarra em incongruências metodológicas, como a falta de padronização das unidades de medida e métodos de coleta. Ainda, os efeitos ecológicos da incorporação dos MPs pela biota têm sido pouco abordados na costa brasileira. Incentivamos a elaboração de protocolos de amostragem em escala nacional e avaliação dos efeitos da ingestão de MPs em diferentes níveis biológicos. Dessa forma, será possível traçar estratégias de mitigação favorecendo a conservação dos sistemas bióticos das praias arenosas.
The presence and persistence of microplastics (MPs) in the marine environment causes several environmental, social and economic impacts. This review identified gaps, evaluated the current scenario of studies with PMs on sandy beaches in Brazil and listed the methodologies applied to analyze this material. On a global scale, publications on PMs date from 1974, but in Brazil, the first article was published in 2009. The beach compartments with the highest number of studies on PMs were sediment (76%), followed by water (12%) and biota (12%). The reviewed studies show that the main sources of PMs are tourism, fishing and river discharge, while the action of waves and winds contributes to the dispersion of these particles to less urbanized beaches. The identification of patterns and processes of contamination of Brazilian beaches by PMs comes up against methodological inconsistencies, such as the lack of standardization of measurement units and collection methods. Still, the ecological effects of the incorporation of PMs by the biota have been little discussed on the Brazilian coast. We encourage the development of sampling protocols on a national scale and assessment of the effects of PM ingestion at different biological levels. In this way, it will be possible to outline mitigation strategies favoring the conservation of sandy beaches biotic systems.
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