MICROBIAL QUALITY OF WATER, SEDlMENT, FISH AND SHELLFISH IN SOME BRAZILIAN COASTAL REGIONS

Abstract

Studies of microorganisms in Brazilian coastal regions have focused largely on pol1ution indicators and pathogens and are briefly reviewed here. Fecal coliform counts taken in Brazilian tropical waters have been confirmed to be mostly Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceoe of probable fecal origin, and to correlate wel1 with other pol1ution parameters including frequency of occurrence of some pathogens. Other microbial counts such as fecal streptococci, yeasts, heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus can also be usefull as pollution indicators. Water of Brazilian urban beaches is frequently contaminated to levels above those acceptable for use as bathing or fish harvest areas, Where water is contaminated according to microbial indicators, the associated sediments and animals can have even more elevated levels of pathogens and indicator organisms. Improvement in the sanitary quality of Brazilian coastal waters is needed to protect resources  of economic importance to the tourism and fishing industries.