CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DE BIODIESEL NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA E COLOMBIANA.

Abstract

CONTRIBUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLY CHAIN OF BIOFUEL IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON AND COLOMBIAN. To produce palm in tropical countries, rural enterprises have made progress in the areas of natural forests, causing serious impacts on their local and regional biodiversity. This context of disorderly use of land and forest resources appears after the year 2005, with the expansion of agribusiness activity for natural territories in countries located mostly in the humid tropics. This has shown that the ratio of expansion of the vegetable oil industry, biofuel industry and the use of plant biodiversity, with the current production model, has been impressive and unsustainable over time. This study aims to analyze through literature the experience of environmental management of productive activities of firms palm oil (extraction + biodiesel industry) in areas belonging to the Guyanese shield, Colombian and Brazilian Amazon between 2005 and 2009, using as a methodological tool the Life Cycle Assessment - LCA). The adoption of LCA is an important tool for better monitoring the production and identification of alternative interaction between processes and possible impacts on the environment. Results listed according to the degree of interference / importance in the production chain was first demonstrated by the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, being established in phases and agricultural production of biodiesel, for the experience of Colombian companies had lower launch in two phases, in relation to the experience of the Brazilian Amazon. The second stage observed was the environmental impact of product processing industries of palm oil at this stage we observed a greater release of waste and waste generation in large quantities without final disposition appropriate for the activity. The environmental management system analyzed the experiences of biodiesel production from palm oil in the Amazon and Pará and Colombia, demonstrated that both need to be adapted to the requirements of quality standards demanded by the international market for biofuels.

Keywords: Palm oil; environmental management; biofuel.