Tecnologia Assistiva e paraesporte: revisão da literatura / Assistive Technology and handisport: literature review

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto37666

Resumo

Introdução: O aumento de pessoas com deficiência nos esportes organizados acontece paralelamente ao avanço das políticas e Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), gerando benefícios sociais e qualidade de vida para os atletas. Entretanto, pouco se tem relatado na literatura sobre as tecnologias e suas peculiaridades na prática do paraesporte. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e analisar a produção científica referente ao tema de TA no paraesporte e esporte adaptado. Método: Foi realizada a revisão de literatura nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, Pubmed, Cochrane, Bireme e Scielo, de 2000 a 2017, nos idiomas inglês e português, utilizando-se os descritores: traumatismos em atletas, pessoas com deficiência, equipamento de autoajuda, reabilitação. Resultados/Discussão: Foram encontrados 26 artigos científicos, sendo estes analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente, categorizados em estudos de TA relacionados: à lesão e ao desempenho, estudos de revisão de literatura e de validação de instrumentos. As tecnologias encontradas foram: muleta, órtese, protocolo para sistema de vigilância, questionário e cadeira de rodas. Os temas encontrados foram: a eficácia da tecnologia assistiva no esporte adaptado, a incidência de lesões no paraesporte e o desempenho no esporte adaptado, sem associar diretamente a tecnologia utilizada. A cadeira de rodas foi o dispositivo de TA predominante nos estudos, estando presente em 22 dos artigos. Conclusão: Os resultados apontaram uma lacuna nos relatos de uso de TA em esportes adaptados, comprovando a necessidade de estudos sobre o tema, principalmente no paraesporte como ocupação e o uso de TA, para propor melhorias nos dispositivos e seu uso em diversos esportes.


Abstract

Introduction: The increase in the amount of people with disability in the adapted organized sports occurs side by side with the advance of new politics and Assistive Technologies (AT). However, there are few studies about these technologies and their particularities in parasports. Thus, this study aimed to characterize and analyze the scientific production related to the theme AT in parasport and in adapted sport. Method: was done a literature review in the national and international databases, such as: Pubmed, Cochrane, Bireme and Scielo, into 2000 and 2017, in the English and Portuguese languages, using the descriptors: athletic injuries, people with disabilities, assistive technology and rehabilitation. Results/Discussion: In total, 26 articles were analyzed in quality and quantity and we found the technologies in the following categories: injuries related to ATs, performance, literature review and instrument’s validation. The technologies mentioned were: crutch, bracing, protocol for surveillance system, questionnaire and wheelchair. They were discussed in the context of adapted sports, number of injuries and performance with no mention to the technology used. The wheelchair was the predominant AT, with mention in 22 articles. Conclusion: Therefore, this review indicates the need of more studies about the theme and, mainly in parasport as occupation and the use of a AT, to understand how to improve the existing technologies.

Keywords: Persons with disabilities. Self-help devices. Sports for persons with disabilities. Occupational therapy. Social Participation.


Resumen

El aumento de las personas con discapacidad en los deportes organizados ocurre paralelamente al avance de las políticas y Tecnologías Asistivas (TA), generando beneficios sociales y calidad de vida para los atletas. Sin embargo, poco se ha relatado en la literatura sobre las tecnologías y sus peculiaridades en la práctica del paradeporte. Así, este estudio tenía como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la producción científica relacionada con el tema de la TA en el deporte paraportado y adaptado. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo Bireme y, de 2000 a 2017, en Inglés y portugués, usando las palabras clave: traumatismos en atletas, las personas con discapacidad, la tecnología de asistencia y rehabilitación. Se encontraron 26 artículos científicos, siendo estos analizados cuantitativa y cualitativamente, categorizados en estudios de TA relacionados: a la lesión y al desempeño, estudios de revisión de literatura y de validación de instrumentos. Las tecnologías encontradas fueron: muleta, órtesis, protocolo para sistema de vigilancia, cuestionario y silla de ruedas. Los temas encontrados fueron: la eficacia de la tecnología asistiva en el deporte adaptado, la incidencia de lesiones en el paraporte y el desempeño en el deporte adaptado, sin asociar directamente la tecnología utilizada. La silla de ruedas fue la TA predominante en los estudios, estando presente en 22 de los artículos. Los resultados apuntaron una laguna en los relatos de uso de TA en deportes adaptados, comprobando la necesidad de estúdios en el tema, principalmente en paraesprote como ocupación y el uso de AT, para proponer mejoras en los dispositivos y su uso en diversos deportes

Palabras clave: Personas con discapacidad. Tecnología asistiva. Deporte para personas con discapacidad. Terapia ocupacional. Medicina de Rehabilitación. Participación social.

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Publicado

01-02-2021

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Artigo de Revisão