Extração Automática de Lineamentos na Exploração de Água Subterrânea: Caso dos Aquíferos Metassedimentares da Chapada Diamantina Centro-Setentrional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2021_44_39227Keywords:
Extração automática de lineamentos, Chapada Diamantina Centro-Setentrional, Prospecção hidrogeológicaAbstract
Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação da técnica de extração automática de lineamentos nos estudos de águas subterrâneas. Seu objetivo é identificar feições estruturais, definir seu papel na hidrodinâmica dos aquíferos metassedimentares da Chapada Diamantina Centro-Setentrional e estabelecer uma relação entre os sistemas de fraturas e a prospecção hidrogeológica. A metodologia consiste em produzir um mapa de lineamentos obtidos através do processamento dos dados de modelo digital de elevação do SRTM, sobreposição de imagens sombreadas e produção de duas imagens de iluminação multidirecionais A e B (azimutes 0º, 45º, 90º, 135º e 180º, 225º, 270º, 315º respectivamente) utilizadas na extração automática das estruturas. Destas, a Imagem Multidirecional A apresentou uma menor variância nos dados, sendo utilizada nas interpretações hidrogeológicas a partir das orientações preferenciais dos lineamentos extraídos. A análise estatística em um conjunto com 2.370 lineamentos indica a predominância de três famílias: NNW-SSE (26,5%), NW-SE (23,0 %) e N-S (22,5%). Em geral, interpretou-se que o campo de tensão principal está associado aos lineamentos NNW-SSE, que correspondem às fraturas extensionais de partição (tipo T). As demais, tem relação com sistemas de pares conjugados de cisalhamento de NW-SE (antitético, tipo R’) e N-S (sintético, tipo R). Esse padrão se relaciona com a evolução tectono-estrutural rúptil e com a geometria das rochas em anticlinais e sinclinais com eixos concordantes com a orientação N-S. Assim, as maiores densidades e interseções das fraturas principais (T, R e R’) ocorrem nos locais de máxima curvatura dos anticlinais e sinclinais nas porções sudeste, nordeste e noroeste da área. Essas características implicam em uma maior favorabilidade para circulação e armazenamento de água subterrânea, com ocorrência de poços produtores com vazões entre 40,1 a 203,0 m3/h em oposição das demais regiões que são praticamente desprovidas de concentrações e interseções significativas de lineamentos.
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