BIOMONITORAMENTO CONTÍNUO DE ÁGUAS DO PELD-BAÍA DE GUANABARA: INTENSA VARIAÇÃO NICTEMERAL DE GASES METABÓLICOS NA CONDIÇÃO EUTRÓFICA TROPICAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2402.10Keywords:
Greenhouse gases, acidification, hypoxia, eutrophication, within-day variationAbstract
Evidências crescentes indicam importantes consequências de mudanças globais relacionadas a eutrofização, hipóxia, acidificação e balanço de gases envolvidos na síntese e degradação biológicas de matéria orgânica (i.e., metabolismo) nas águas costeiras tropicais. No entanto, a escassez de dados sobre a variação nictemeral dos principais gases metabólicos (i.e., oxigênio -O2- e dióxido de carbono -CO2-) ainda restringe nossa compreensão sobre a ciclagem de carbono (C) nesses ecossistemas quentes altamente produtivos, especialmente em condições eutróficas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a variação nictemeral da pressão parcial de ambos os gases metabólicos (pO2 e pCO2), bem como de parâmetros físico-químicos da água ao longo do inverno de 2018 em uma praia de baía tropical altamente eutrofizada (Baía de Guanabara, região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), no âmbito dos primeiros resultados do Biomonitoramento Contínuo de Águas do Programa Ecológico de Longa Duração da Baía de Guanabara (BiCA/PELD-Guanabara). Os resultados indicaram intensas alternâncias de supersaturação e subsaturação de CO2 entre os períodos noturno e diurno respectivamente, bem como o oposto para O2. Além disso, a relação negativa de CO2 e temperatura da água foi muito superior à esperada por processos físico-químicos, confirmando a predominância de controles biológicos sobre CO2, acidificação e hipóxia nas águas costeiras eutróficas superficiais. No entanto, declínios matinais de CO2 acompanhando aumentos de temperatura não foram observados em todos os meses, também revelando o papel da pluviosidade sobre a mediana diária de pCO2, provavelmente devido à redução de radiação solar aos autótrofos e incrementos de substratos orgânicos aos heterótrofos ou aportes alóctones desse gás. Como conclusão, intensas variações de curto prazo em gases metabólicos podem apresentar profundas implicações ao balanço de C nas águas costeiras tropicais eutróficas, um componente das mudanças globais que deveria ser melhor avaliado em programas de monitoramento.
CONTINUOUS WATER BIOMONITORING IN THE LTER- GUANABARA BAY: STRONG WITHIN-DAY VARIATION OF METABOLIC GASES IN TROPICAL EUTROPHIC CONDITIONS:Growing evidence indicates important global change consequences related to eutrophication, hypoxia, acidification and the balance of gases involved in the biological synthesis and degradation of organic matter (i.e., metabolism) in tropical coastal waters. However, the scarcity of data on within-day variation in main metabolic gases (i.e., oxygen -O2- and carbon dioxide -CO2-) still constrains our understanding of carbon (C) cycling in these highly productive warm ecosystems, especially at eutrophic conditions. Here, the aim was to assess the within-day variation of the partial pressure of both metabolic gases (pO2 and pCO2) associated to water physico-chemical parameters over the winter of 2018 in a beach of highly eutrophic tropical bay (Guanabara Bay, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), within the scope of the first results of the Continuous Biomonitoring of Waters of the Long-term Ecological Research Program in the Guanabara Bay (BiCA/PELD-Guanabara, acronym in Portuguese). As a result, intense shifts of supersaturation and undersaturation of CO2 between nocturnal and diurnal periods respectively, and the opposite for O2 were observed. In addition, the negative relationship of CO2 and water temperature was much higher than that expected by physical-chemical processes, confirming the predominance of biological controls on pCO2, acidification and hypoxia in surface eutrophic waters. However, morning declines in pCO2 with increasing temperature were not observed in all months, also revealing the role of rainfall on daily medians of pCO2, likely due to decreased solar radiation to autotrophs and increased terrestrial organic substrates to heterotrophs or the allochthonous CO2 contributions. In conclusion, strong short-term variations in metabolic gases may have profound implications for C balance in eutrophic tropical coastal waters, a component of global change that should be better assessed in monitoring programs.
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