MACROECOLOGIA DE PEIXES DE RIACHOS BRASILEIROS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.18Keywords:
Brazilian biomes, alfa diversity, beta diversity, historical factors, freshwater fish, riverine network, species richnessAbstract
Estudos em Macroecologia lidam com padrões e processos em amplas escalas (espacial, temporal e taxonômica) que são muito abrangentes para serem estudados com experimentos replicados, manipulativos e controlados como é feito tradicionalmente na ecologia. Estudos macroecológicos têm sido primordialmente realizados com foco em vertebrados e plantas terrestres, enquanto os sistemas marinhos e principalmente os de água doce permanecem ainda pouco explorados. O objetivo deste trabalho é destacar alguns avanços dos campos de estudo da macroecologia no tocante a padrões espaciais de peixes em riachos brasileiros (padrões de diversidade alfa e beta). Por meio da coleta de informações de ocorrência de espécies de riacho em larga escala, nós encontramos maiores valores de riqueza total na Amazônia, no Cerrado e na Mata Atlântica e uma riqueza média geral de sete espécies por sub-bacia. Além disso, a composição de espécies foi diferente entre biomas, sendo evidenciados também elevados valores de substituição de espécies dentro deles. Em adição aos resultados obtidos, apresentaremos uma discussão que guiará o leitor à compreensão das possíveis causas e mecanismos subjacentes aos padrões encontrados em um contexto macroecológico.
MACROECOLOGY OF BRAZILIAN STREAM FISHES: Studies in Macroecology deal with patterns and processes on large scale (spatial, temporal and taxonomic) and that by definition are too comprehensive to be studied with replicated, manipulative and controlled experiments as it has been traditionally performed in Ecology. Macroecological studies are still conducted with a focus on terrestrial vertebrates and plants, while marine systems and especially freshwater systems remain little explored. The objective of this study is to highlight some advances in the fields of study of aquatic macroecology (spatial patterns of alpha and beta diversity), using fish from Brazilian streams as the object of analysis. By gathering stream fish occurrence information from large scale data sets, we found high total richness in Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, and found on average seven species per sampling unit, with small variation related to the identity of the analyzed biomes. Yet, species composition is distinct between biomes and we found high turnover levels within them. We will guide the reader through possible causes and mechanisms of the identified patterns.References
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