MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DISSOLVIDA CROMÓFORA E NÃO CROMÓFORA EM SISTEMAS FLUVIAIS TROPICAIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2301.01Keywords:
colored dissolved organic matter, photochemistry, rivers, yellow substancesAbstract
Resumo: A fração cromófora da matéria orgânica dissolvida (MOD) atua como principal componente absorvedor de luz ultravioleta (UV) e visível em ecossistemas aquáticos. Esta propriedade óptica tem importante implicação energética e adaptativa para os organismos aquáticos em função dos processos fotossintéticos e dos possíveis efeitos deletérios da radiação ultravioleta aos sistemas biológicos. Esta revisão aborda informações técnico-científicas através da realização de um levantamento bibliográfico de publicações acerca da matéria orgânica dissolvida cromófora (MODC) e não cromófora em sistemas fluviais tropicais, incluindo caracterizações tipicamente realizadas em tais tipos de estudos ao longo das últimas décadas. Este trabalho destaca que a origem (i.e., autóctone e/ou alóctone) e a natureza (i.e., substâncias refratárias ou lábeis) da MOD influenciam a absorção espectral e a sua resistência à degradação fotoquímica e biológica. A MODC apresenta um espectro de absorção que decresce exponencialmente com o comprimento de onda crescente, do ultravioleta até a região da luz visível, influenciando assim a distribuição espectral e disponibilidade de luz na coluna d'água. Considerando que a MOD (cromófora e não cromófora) é uma variável interativamente relacionada a múltiplos processos físico-químicos (ex. hidrológicos, foto-oxidativos) e biológicos (ex. degradação microbiana), nós concluímos que ela é um potente referente ambiental em pesquisas relacionais de sistemas aquáticos em geral, capaz de permear uma integração diagnóstica na qualificação e caracterização de águas naturais.
CHROMOPHORIC AND NON CHROMOPHORIC DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN TROPICAL FLUVIAL SYSTEMS. The chromophoric fraction of dissolved organic matter acts as the main ultraviolet (UV) and visible light absorbing component in aquatic ecosystems. This optical property has important energetic and adaptive implication for aquatic organisms due to photosynthetic processes and the possible deleterious effects of UV radiation on biological systems. This review addresses technical and scientific information by conducting a literature review of publications on chromophoric (CDOM) and non-chromophoric dissolved organic matter in tropical river systems, including characterizations typically performed in such types of studies over the last decades. This work highlights that the origin (i.e., autochthonous and/or allochthonous) and the nature (i.e., refractory or labile substances) of the DOM influence spectral absorption and its resistance to photochemical and biological degradation. CDOM exhibits an absorption spectrum that decreases exponentially with increasing wavelength from UV to the visible light region, thus influencing the spectral distribution and light availability in the water column. Considering that DOM (chromophoric and non-chromophoric) is a variable interactively related to multiple physical-chemical (e.g., hydrological, photo-oxidative) and biological (e.g., microbial degradation) processes, we conclude that it is a potent environmental reference in relational surveys of aquatic systems in general, able to permeate a diagnostic integration in the qualification and characterization of natural waters.
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