ROADS TO POLLUTION: BRAZIL'S AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY AFFECTED BY TRUCK LEAKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2022.2603.07Palavras-chave:
Chemical products, fish deaths, fuel, pesticide, oil spills.Resumo
Roads are responsible for various negative impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. However, the negative effects of roads used by vehicles on aquatic biodiversity have been little explored. In this study, based on reports obtained from digital media and technical reports, we provide an overview of the pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems caused by leakage from trucks. We found 73 truck leaks that reached Brazilian waterbodies, polluting them with fuel, pesticides and other substances. Pollution events caused the deaths of crustaceans, fish, and other vertebrates. According to the data obtained in our search, fish were the most impacted group, with records of at least 20 tons killed from a single spill. Measures must be adopted to prevent the entry of pollutants into waterbodies through truck leaks.
Referências
Akama, A., Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Paixão, A.C., Zanata, A.M., Calegari, B.B., Polaz, C.N.M., Figueiredo, C.A.A., Caneppele, D. et al. 2018. Pogonopoma parahybae (Steindachner, 1877). In: Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção: Volume VI – Peixes / -- 1. ed. -- Brasília, DF: ICMBio/MMA,7 v.: il.. Retrieved from http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/component/content/article/10187
Ana (Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico). 2018. Rios Principais (Principal Rivers). Retrieved from https://metadados.ana.gov.br/geonetwork/srv/pt/main.home?uuxml:id=fb206e35-a86e-44b3-ac3b-5c4d6833c48e
Azevedo-Santos, V.M., Garcia-Ayala, J.R., Fearnside, P.M., Esteves, F.A., Pelicice, F.M., Laurance, W.F., & Benine, R.C. 2016. Amazon aquatic biodiversity imperiled by oil spills. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25, 2831–2834. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-016-1192-9
Azevedo-Santos, V.M., Coelho, P.N., & Deprá, G.C. 2018. Ichthyofauna of the Ribeirão Frutal and tributaries, upper Rio Paraná basin, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(3), e20180517. DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0517
Azevedo-Santos, V.M., Frederico, R.G., Fagundes, C.K., Pompeu, P.S., Pelicice, F.M., Padial, A.A., Nogueira, M.G., Fearnside, P.M., Lima, L.B., Daga, V.S., Oliveira, F.J.M., Vitule, J.R.S, Callisto, M., Agostinho, A.A., Esteves, F.A., Lima-Junior, D.P., Magalhães, A.L.B., Sabino, J., Mormul, R.P., Grasel, D., Zuanon, J., Vilella, F.S., & Henry, R. 2019. Protected areas: A focus on Brazilian freshwater biodiversity. Diversity and Distributions, 25, 442–448. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12871
Azevedo-Santos, V.M., Arcifa, M.S., Brito, M.F.G., Agostinho, A.A., Hughes, R.M., Vitule, J.R.S., Simberloff, D., Olden, J.D., & Pelicice, F.M. 2021. Negative impacts of mining on Neotropical freshwater fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology, 19(3), e210001. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0001
Bueno, S.L.S., Shimizu, R.M., Rocha, S.S.2008. Reproductive biology and functional maturity in females of Aegla franca (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 28(4), 652-662.
Brejão, G.L., Teresa, F.B., & Gerhard, P. 2020. When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams. Neotropical Ichthyology, 18(3), e200031. DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0031
Carvalho-Roel, C.F., Alves, G.B., Jácomo, A.T.A., Moreira, R.A., Tôrres, N.M., & Silveira, L. 2021. Wildlife roadkill in the surroundings of Emas National Park, Cerrado biome, Brazil. Oecologia Australis, 25(4),795–806. DOI: 10.4257/oeco.2021.2504.01
Castro, R.M.C., & Polaz, C.N.M. 2020. Small-sized fish: the largest and most threatened portion of the megadiverse neotropical freshwater fish fauna. Biota Neotropica, 20(1), e20180683. DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0683
Castro, D.M.P., Silva, P.G., Solar, R., & Callisto, M. 2020. Unveiling patterns of taxonomic and functional diversities of stream insects across four spatial scales in the neotropical savanna. Ecological Indicators, 118, 106769. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106769
CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo). 2020. Retrieved from https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/aguas-interiores/publicacoes-e-relatorios/
Coelho, I.P., Kindel, A., & Coelho, A.V.P. 2008. Roadkills of vertebrate species on two highways through the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, southern Brazil. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 54(4), 689–699. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-008-0197-4
de Paula Junior, A., & Lopes, R.L. 2020. Truck drivers’ strike: the most affected sectors and their space dependences. Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, 16(2), 472–483.
El Bizri, H.R., Morcatty, T.Q., Lima, J.J.S., & Valsecchi, J. 2015. The thrill of the chase: uncovering illegal sport hunting in Brazil through YouTube™ posts. Ecology and Society, 20(3), 30. DOI: 10.5751/ES-07882-200330
Etkin, D.S. 2011. Spill occurrences: a world overview. In: M. Fingas (Ed.). Oil spill science and technology. 1st edition. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 7–48.
Fearnside, P.M. 1987. Deforestation and international economic development projects in Brazilian Amazonia. Conservation Biology, 1(3), 214–221.
Ferrante, L., Gomes, M. & Fearnside, P.M. 2020. Amazonian indigenous peoples are threatened by Brazil’s Highway BR-319. Land Use Policy, 94, 104548. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104548
Ferrante, L., & Fearnside, P.M. 2020. The Amazon's road to deforestation. Science, 369, 634. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6977
Fearnside, P.M., Berenguer, E., Armenteras, D., Duponchelle, F., Guerra, F.M., Jenkins, C.N., Bynoe, P., García-Villacorta, R., Guerra, F.M., Macedo, M., Val, A.L., & de Almeida-Val, V.M.F. 2021. Drivers and impacts of changes in aquatic ecosystems. Chapter 20 In: C. Nobre, & A. Encalada (Eds.) Amazon Assessment Report 2021. Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA). United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, New York, USA. Part II, pp. 305-343. https://www.theamazonwewant.org/amazon-assessment-report-2021/
Ferraz, J.D., Garcia, D.A.Z., Casimiro, A.C.R., Yabu, M.H.S., Geller, I.V., Magalhães, A.L.B., Vidotto-Magnoni, A.P., & Orsi, M.L. 2019. Descarte de Peixes Ornamentais em Águas Continentais Brasileiras Registrados no YoutubeTM: Ausência de Informação ou Crime Ambiental Deliberado? Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, 20(2), 1–20.
Firmiano, K.R., Cañedo‐Argüelles, M., Gutiérrez‐Cánovas, C., Macedo, D.R., Linares, M.S., Bonada, N., & Callisto, M. 2021. Land use and local environment affect macroinvertebrate metacommunity organization in Neotropical stream networks. Journal of Biogeography, 48, 479–491.
Grilo, C., Coimbra, M.R., Cerqueira, R.C., Barbosa, P., Dornas, R.A.P., Gonçalves, L.O. et al. 2018. Brazil road-kill: a data set of wildlife terrestrial vertebrate road-kills. Ecology, 99, 2625–2625.
ICMBio. 2018. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção: Volume VI - Peixes / -- 1. ed. -- Brasília, DF: ICMBio/MMA, 2018.7 v.: il.. In: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/component/content/article/10187
Kociolek, A.V., Clevenger, A.P., ST. Clair, C.C., & Proppe, D.S. 2011. Effects of road networks on bird populations. Conservation Biology, 25(2), 241–249. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01635.x
Laurance, W.F., Goosem, M., & Laurance, S.G.W. 2009. Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24(12): 659–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.06.009
Laurance, W.F. & Arrea, I.B. 2017. Roads to riches or ruin? Science, 358, 442–444. DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0312
Magalhães, A.L.B., Azevedo‐Santos, V.M., & Pelicice, F.M. 2021. Caught in the act: Youtube™ reveals invisible fish invasion pathways in Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37, 125–128. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14159
Makrakis, S., Castro-Santos, T., Makrakis, M.C., Wagner, R.L., & Adames, M.S. 2012. Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for Neotropical fish species. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10(4), 763–770. DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252012000400009
Manoel, P.S., & Uieda, V.S. 2021. Impacts of different monoculture types on stream benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities. Hydrobiologia, 848, 691–703. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04476-8
Masnik, M.T., Stauffer, J.R., Hocutt, C.H. & Wilson, J.H. 1976. The effects of an oil spill on the macroinvertebrates and fish in a small southwestern Virginia creek. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering, 11(4-5), 281–296. DOI: 10.1080/10934527609385771
McCleneghan, K., Reiter, G.A., Hardwick, J.E., & McGovern, P.T. 2002. Management of oil spill response and cleanup in a River Under Severe Winter Conditions. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 7, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00058-0
ONTL (Observatório Nacional de Transporte e Logística). 2020. ONTL. Retrieved from https://ontl.epl.gov.br/
QGIS Development Team. 2018. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Retrieved from https://www.qgis.org/en/site/
Ryan PG. 2018. Entanglement of birds in plastics and other synthetic materials. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135, 159–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.057
Stegmann, L.F., Leitão, R.P., Zuanon, J., & Magnusson, W.E. 2019. Distance to large rivers affects fish diversity patterns in highly dynamic streams of Central Amazonia. PLoS One, 14(10), e0223880. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223880
Trevisan, A., & Santos, S. 2014. Population dynamics of Aegla manuinflata Bond-Buckup and Santos 2009 (Decapoda: Aeglidae), an threatened species. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 26, 154-162.
