A influência dos hábitos de vida no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção do Alzheimer

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is characterized as a proteinogenic pathology, given by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptides and is related to aging. Due to the lack of effective pharmacological treatment in force and due to the aging of the world population, lifestyle habits have important interventional impacts on this pathology. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lifestyle habits in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: A comprehensive and sensitive search was carried out in the three main databases (PUBMED, BVS and Cochrane Library) of studies published between 2018 and 2023. Observational studies were selected that presented in their analysis relationships between lifestyle habits and Alzheimer's disease. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, studies that used drugs and other chemical compounds manipulated as an interventional measure for the disease and articles published before 2018 were excluded. Results: The search found 713 studies, from this initial table 62 were excluded corresponding to duplicates, therefore remaining, in 651 studies for analysis by reading titles and abstracts, which enabled the identification of 63 potential articles for conducting the research. From this panorama, 55 studies were excluded for not fully meeting the inclusion criteria of this systematic review, thus resulting in 8 studies. Discussion: Life habits related to the practice of physical exercise, quality sleep, dietary interventions and cognitive training showed interventional and preventive potential for Alzheimer's disease. From this perspective, the association of predisposing factors together with practices contrary to these can help in the diagnosis of AD. Final considerations: Although lifestyle habits are positively associated with the treatment and prevention of AD, there are limitations regarding the diagnosis associated with these parameters and the ineffectiveness of these measures in more advanced stages of the disease.