Melatonin Use in Children and Adolescents

Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Protocols

Resumo

The widespread availability of melatonin without a prescription, combined with the lack of specific medications for certain disorders with increasing morbidity rates, is significant factors driving the rise in melatonin use over the past decade. Despite its growing popularity, uncertainties surrounding optimal dosage and duration of exposure remain critical concerns, as these factors could increase the risk of overexposure and adverse effects. This study aims to update the therapeutic indications for melatonin, as well as assess its prescription, and therapeutic strategies. An updated search was conducted utilizing the descriptors (melatonin AND (children OR child OR adolescent)). Results presents melatonin's use for sleep disorders, autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental disorders, and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, along with a smaller number of studies exploring its therapeutic potential in conditions such as atopic dermatitis, obesity, functional abdominal pain disorders, Bipolar Affective Disorder, neurogenetic syndromes, and Bourneville disease. Pediatric-appropriate prolonged-release melatonin in correct dosages has demonstrated positive results in clinical trials and appears to be the predominant formulation. The dosage adjustment phase is crucial for successful treatment. Significant variations in dosage, adaptation time, and exposure time were observed across clinical trials, complicating the comparison of results.