The importance of epigenetic factors in glioma oncogenesis

A importância dos fatores epigenéticos na oncogênese dos gliomas

Abstract

Introduction: Gliomas are tumors originating in the central nervous system that represent a large proportion of all neoplasms and have a significant mortality rate. Given this, the study of neurogenetic biomarkers is highly relevant as it allows for new approaches, detection methods, and treatments. Not only genetic alterations, but also epigenetics have a significant influence on tumor mechanisms through reactions that alter DNA expression, thus possessing great clinical relevance.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the importance of the aforementioned mechanisms in oncogenesis and tumor progression.

Methodology: Thus, the search for studies to compose this work was carried out in the following databases: Google Scholar, BVS, SciELO, Latindex, and PubMed, during the period from april to august 2025. Discussion: In light of this, it is possible to verify that mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 genes can lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes; furthermore, epigenetic events can lead to the expression of genes that contribute to oncogenesis. Recent studies show that alterations in DNA and RNA methylation, involving EGFR/mTORC2/EZH2 and NSUN5, favor tumor plasticity and immune evasion in gliomas. In addition, non-coding RNAs, such as lncRNAs and snoRNAs, influence the epigenetics of gliomas, influencing chemoresistance, tumor cell maintenance, and adaptation.

Conclusion: In conclusion, epigenetics, along with neurogenetic biomarkers, shows promise as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, so that more effective and precise approaches can be formulated for the management of this pathology.