O que une a Terapia Ocupacional? Paradigmas e perspectivas ontológicas da ocupação humana / What holds together the Occupational Therapy? Paradigms and ontological perspectives of human occupation

Auteurs-es

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto12699

Mots-clés :

Epistemologia, História, Modelo kuhniano, Ontologia, Paradigmas, Terapia ocupacional.

Résumé

Este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre a organização do conhecimento na Terapia Ocupacional. Posicionando-se a partir da Filosofia da Ciência e, de forma particular, no modelo kuhniano de desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico, o autor busca analisar "o que une a Terapia Ocupacional", uma disciplina multidimensional que diversifica e amplia seus campos de ação constantemente. Para isso, uma pesquisa historiográfica é realizada por meio de uma análise documental de fontes primárias. Paradigmas, comunidades científicas e perspectivas ontológicas são considerados como eixos centrais para compreender como a Terapia Ocupacional avançou desde suas origens até o paradigma atual da profissão, o Paradigma Social da Ocupação. O artigo termina convidando à exploração de novas formas de diálogo entre campos que, aparentemente, estão distanciados dos elementos ontológicos fundamentais da profissão, propondo que este diálogo fortalecerá a unidade disciplinar e permitirá uma melhor compreensão da multidimensionalidade da Terapia Ocupacional.

 

Abstract

This text proposes a reflection about the organization of knowledge in Occupational Therapy. Positioning itself in the Philosophy of Science, and particularly in the Kuhnian Model of development of scientific knowledge, the author seeks to analyze "what holds the Occupational Therapy together", a multidimensional discipline that diversifies and amplifies its fields of action constantly. Thus, a historiographical research is carried out through a documentary analysis of primary sources. Paradigms, scientific communities and ontological perspectives are considered as the central axes to understand how Occupational Therapy has advanced from its origins to the current paradigm of the profession, the Social Paradigm of the Occupation. The paper ends inviting the exploration of new forms of dialogue between fields that seem to be distanced from the foundational ontological elements of the profession, proposing that this dialogue will strengthen the disciplinary unit and allow a better understanding of the multidimensionality of Occupational Therapy.

Keywords: Epistemology; History; Kuhnian model; Ontology; Paradigms; Occupational Therapy.

Références

Morrison R, Vidal D. Perspectivas ontológicas de la ocupación humana en terapia ocupacional : una aproximación a la filosofía de la ocupación [Ontological Perspectives of Human Occupation in Occupational Therapy. An approach to the philosophy of the occupation]. Starbrücke, Alemania: Ed. Académica Española; 2012.

Kielhofner G. Conceptual foundations of occupational therapy practice. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2009.

Morrison R. La Filosofía Pragmatista en la Terapia Ocupacional de Eleanor Clarke Slagle: antecedentes epistemológicos e históricos desde los estudios feministas sobre la ciencia | The pragmatist philosophy in the Occupational Therapy of Eleanor Clarke Slagle: epistemological and historical records from the feminists' studies on science. Salamanca, España [Salamanca, Spain]: Departamento de Lógica, Filosofía y Estética [Department of Logic, Philosophy and Aesthetics], Universidad de Salamanca, España [University of Salamanca, Spain]; 2014.

Kuhn T. The structure of scientific revolutions. 2th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1970.

Echeverría J. Filosofía de la Ciencia. 2da ed. Madrid: AKAL; 1998.

Breines E. Origins and adaptations: A philosophy of practice. Lebanon, NJ: Geri-Rehab; 1986.

Crepeau E, Cohn E, Schell B, eds. Willard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.

Quiroga V. Occupational therapy: The first thirty years, 1900-1930. Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association; 1995.

Morrison R. Pragmatist Epistemology and Jane Addams: Fundamental Concepts for the Social Paradigm of Occupational Therapy. Occup Ther Inter. 2016;23(4):295-304.

Meyer A. The philosophy of occupation therapy. Reprinted from the Archives of Occupational Therapy, Volume 1, pp. 1-10, 1922. Am J of occup ther. 1976;31(10):639-642.

Morrison R, Olivares D, Vidal D. La filosofía de la Ocupación Humana y el Paradigma Social de la Ocupación. Algunas reflexiones y propuestas sobre epistemologías actuales en Terapia Ocupacional y Ciencias de la Ocupación [The Philosophy of Human Occupation and the Social Paradigm of the Occupation. Some reflections and suggestions on current epistemologies in Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science]. Rev Chil de Ter Ocup. 2011;11(2):102-119.

Gómez S. Antecedentes, creación y desarrollo de la terapia ocupacional en Chile: 50 años de historia. Santiago de Chile: Abarca-Girard; 2013.

Escobar P, Sepúlveda R. Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional Universidad de Chile: Aportes para una Historia Posible. Santiago de Chile: Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional Universidad de Chile; 2003.

Bezerra WC, Trindade RLP. Gênese e constituição da terapia ocupacional: em busca de uma interpretação teórico-metodológica. Rev de Ter Ocup da Univ de São Paulo. 2014;24(2):155-161.

Moreira AB. Terapia ocupacional: história crítica e abordagens territoriais/comunitárias. Vita et Sanitas. 2008;2(2):79-91.

Edelvis Testa D. Curing by doing: la poliomielitis y el surgimiento de la terapia ocupacional en Argentina, 1956-1959. Hist, Ciên, Saúde-Manguinhos. 2013;20(4).

Morrison R, Olivares D, Graus JM, et al. Silvia Gómez Lillo y cincuenta años de terapia ocupacional en Chile. Una biografía. TOG (A Coruña). 2016;13(24).

Denshire S, Mullavey-O'Byrne C. ‘Named in the Lexicon': Meanings Ascribed to Occupation in Personal and Professional Life Spaces. Brit J of Occup Ther. 2003;66(11):519-527.

Mattingly C, Fleming MH. Clinical reasoning: Forms of inquiry in a therapeutic practice. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 1994.

Kinn LG, Aas RW. Occupational therapists' perception of their practice: A phenomenological study. Aust Occup Ther J. 2009;56(2):112-121.

Zemke R, Clark F. Occupational science: The evolving discipline. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company; 1996.

Wilcock AA. An occupational perspective of health. Second ed. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated; 2006.

Morrison R, Gómez S, Henny E, Tapia MJ, Rueda L. Principal Approaches to Understanding Occupation and Occupational Science Found in the Chilean Journal of Occupational Therapy (2001--2012). Occup Ther Inter. 2017.

Paganizzi L. Terapia ocupacional psicosocial: escenarios clínicos y comunitarios. Buenos Aires: Polemos; 2007.

Cella A, Polinelli S. Historia, encuentros con el otro, espacios de emancipacioÌn. Rev Arg de Ter Ocup. 2017;3(1):35-38.

Pino J, Ceballos M, Sepúlveda R. Terapia Ocupacional Comunitaria Crítica: Diálogos y reflexiones para iniciar una propuesta colectiva. TOG (A Coruña). 2015;12(22):20p.

Pino J, Ceballos M. Terapia ocupacional Comunitaria y Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad: hacia una inclusión sociocomunitaria. Rev Chil de Ter Ocup. 2015;15(2).

Oyarzún N, Zolezzi R, Palacios M. Hacia las prácticas comunitarias de Terapia Ocupacional: Desde una Mirada Socio-histórica en Chile. Alemania: Académica Española; 2012.

Esquerdo Lopes R, Serrata Malfitano AP, eds. Terapia Ocupacional Social. Desenhos teóricos e contornos práticos. São Carlos: EdUFSCar; 2016.

Dias D, Garcez MI, Esquerdo R. Terapia Ocupacional Social: una perspectiva sociohistoÌrica [Social Occupational Therapy: an social and historical perspective]. In: Kronenberg F, SimoÌ S, Pollard N, eds. Terapia Ocupacional sin Fronteras: Aprendiendo del EspiÌritu de los Supervivientes [Occupational Therapy Without Borders: Learning From The Spirit of Survivors]. Buenos Aires: Médica Panamericana; 2006:141-153.

Esquerdo R, Malfitano AP, Silva CR, Borba P. Historia, conceptos y propuestas en la terapia ocupacional social de Brasil. Rev Chil de Ter Ocup. 2015;15(1):73-84.

Kronenberg F, Simó S, Pollard N. Terapia Ocupacional sin Fronteras: aprendiendo del espíritu de los supervivientes. Buenos Aires: Ed. Médica Panamericana; 2006.

Dias Barros D, Garcez Ghirardi MI, Esquerdo Lopes R. Terapia Ocupacional Social. Rev de Ter Ocup da Univ de São Paulo. 2002;13(3):95-103.

Colegio de Terapeutas Ocupacionales de Chile, Caro-Vines P, Morrison R, Palacios M. Cincuenta años de terapia ocupacional en Chile. Tomo I. Vol 1. 2da ed. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones On Demand; 2015.

Van Stormbroek K, Buchanan H. Community Service Occupational Therapists: thriving or just surviving? South Afric J of Occup Ther. 2016;46(3):63-72.

Guajardo A, Kronenberg F, Ramugondo EL. Southern occupational therapies: Emerging identities, epistemologies and practices. South Afric J of Occup Ther. 2015;45(1):3-10.

Galvaan R. Occupational choice: the significance of socio-economic and political factors. In: Whiteford G, Hocking C, eds. Occupational Science: Society, Inclusion, Participation. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012:152-161.

Galvaan R. The contextually situated nature of occupational choice: marginalised young Adolescents' experiences in South Africa. J of Occup Scien. 2014;22(1):39-53.

Ramugondo E, Kronenberg F. Explaining collective occupations from a human relations perspective: bridging the individual-collective dichotomy. J of Occup Scien. 2015;22(1):3-16.

Ramugondo EL. Occupational consciousness. J of occup scien. 2015;22(4):488-501.

Ampuero L, Villegas MV, Muñoz CM. Praxis del terapeuta ocupacional y su viÌnculo con la participacioÌn social: el ejercicio profesional en la realidad socio-sani- taria chilena [The praxis of occupational therapist and their link to social participation: the practice in the socio-sanitary reality Chilean]. Rev de Est de Terap Ocup [Journal of Occupational Therapy Students]. 2014;1(2):49-62.

Navarrete E, Cantero P, Guajardo A, Sepúlveda R, Moruno P. Terapia Ocupacional y Exclusión Social: Hacia una praxis basada en los derechos humanos [Occupational Therapy and Social Exclusion: Towards a praxis based on human rights]. Chile: Segismundo; 2015.

Malfitano APS, Lopes RE, Magalhães L, Townsend EA. Social occupational therapy. Can J of Occup Ther. 2014;81(5):298-307.

Angell AM, Frank G, Solomon O. Latino Families' Experiences With Autism Services: Disparities, Capabilities, and Occupational Justice. OTJR-Occup Particip and Heal. 2016;36(4):195-203.

Pollard N, Sakellariou D, Kronenberg F. A Political Practice of Occupational Therapy. Philadelphia: Elservier; 2009.

Morrison R, Guajardo A, Schliebener M. Conferencia: Debates y reflexiones para una Ciencia de la Ocupación crítica y social. Diálogos para comprender la Ocupación Humana [Conference Proceedings: Debate and reflections for a critical and social Occupational Science. Dialogues to understand Human Occupation]. Rev Arg de Terap Ocup. 2016;1(2):40-58.

Palacios M. Conceptualizaciones sobre cultura, socializacioÌn, vida cotidiana y ocupacioÌn: reflexiones desde espacios formativos. Rev Ocup Hum. 2016;16(1):56-69.

Palacios M. Acerca del Sentido de Comunidad, Ocupaciones Colectivas y Bienestar/Malestar Psicosocial: con jóvenes transgresores de territorios Populares. [Tese] Vic, Cataluña, España: Programa Doctorado Salud Bienestar y Calidad de Vida, Universitat de Vic; 2017.

De Sousa Santos B. Epistemologías del sur. Utopía y praxis latinoamericana. 2011;16(54):17-39.

Simó Algado S, Ann Townsend E. Eco-social occupational therapy. Brit J of Occup Ther. 2015;78(3):182-186.

Guajardo A, Galheigo SM. Reflexiones críticas acerca de los derechos humanos: Contribuciones desde la terapia ocupacional Latinoamericana [Critical Reflections on Human Rights: Contributions from Latin American Occupational Therapy]. World Fed of Occup Therap Bull. 2015;71(2):73-80.

Morrison R. (Re)conociendo a las fundadoras y "madres" de la terapia ocupacional. Una aproximación desde los estudios feministas sobre la ciencia [Knowing (and recognizing) the founders and 'mothers' of occupational therapy. An approach from women's studies about science]. TOG (A Coruña). 2011;8(14):21.

Iwama MK. The Kawa model: Culturally relevant occupational therapy. Atlanta: Elsevier; 2006.

Publié-e

2018-01-31

Numéro

Rubrique

Artigo de Revisão