Uma introdução à doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes e obrigatórios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21875/tjc.v1i2.8714Keywords:
Precedentes vinculantes, Segurança Jurídica, Jurisdição constitucional, Coerência, Poder Judiciário, Binding Precedent, Certainty in Law, Coherence, Judicial BranchAbstract
RESUMO:
O presente artigo busca apresentar a doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes e obrigatórios como novo paradigma a ser pensado nos Estados Constitucionais democráticos que têm em seu Poder Judiciário novo locus de criação e ressignificação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais quando do julgamento dos casos constitucionais difíceis. Apresenta a doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes, presente nos países do common law, que nunca tiveram a ilusão de que os limites do intérprete estariam contidos no próprio texto normativo, mas para verificar de que modo a mesma foi pensada a dar coerência e segurança jurídica ao sistema. Pretendeu-se, sob o método de pesquisa bibliográfica comparada enfrentar temas relativos à força vinculante dos precedentes, quer seja do ponto de vista horizontal ou vertical, a distinção entre precedentes persuasivos e vinculantes, bem como a possibilidade de erro no julgamento a justificar sua superação ou manutenção. Por outro lado, também apresentou a distinção entre seguir um precedente pelo fato dele ser um precedente ou pela experiência conhecida a partir do mesmo, bem como expôs as possíveis justificativas para o uso dos precedentes, como coerência, uniformidade do direito, segurança jurídica, eficiência e celeridade do Poder Judiciário.
ABSTRACT:
This article aims to analyze the doctrine of binding precedent as a new paradigm to be thought in the constitutional and democratic States, that have their judicial branch a new locus of creation and reinterpretation of human and fundamental rights when judging the difficult constitutional cases. The article also presents the doctrine of binding precedent, as in common law countries, who have never had the illusion that the interpretation of Law has limits in the normative text itself, but to know how the system was thought to provide consistency and legal certainty. This article uses comparative constitutional literature to tackle issues relating to the binding force of precedents, either horizontal or vertical, the distinction between persuasive and binding precedents, and the possibility of error in judgment to justify its overruling or maintenance. On the other hand, it examines the distinction between following a precedent because it is a precedent or because of a known experience and exposed the justifications for the use of the binding precedents, such as consistency, uniformity of law, legal certainty and efficiency.
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