Propriedades Físicas e Elétricas de Tempestades na Região Sudeste do Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11137/1982-3908_2021_44_41700Keywords:
Relâmpagos, ForTraCC, SatéliteAbstract
A Região Sudeste do Brasil anualmente é afetada por alta incidência de relâmpagos produzida por nuvens de tempestades. Além de concentrar um grande contingente populacional, a região sudeste também possui grandes centros industriais, distribuição e comercialização de energia elétrica e de telecomunicações. No entanto, estudos sobre a evolução de relâmpagos intra-nuvem (IN) e nuvem-solo (NS) ao longo do ciclo de vida de tempestades através de uma longa base de dados ainda é ausente para essa região. Dessa maneira, esse presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as relações entre as propriedades físicas dos Sistemas Convectivos de Mesoescala (SCM) e as propriedades dos relâmpagos IN, nuvem-solo positivo (+NS) e nuvem-solo negativo (-NS) da Região Sudeste. Nesse contexto foram utilizadas imagens do canal infravermelho (10,7 µm) do satélite geoestacionário Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13 (GOES-13) e dados de relâmpagos da Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) compreendendo os anos de 2013 a 2017. As tempestades foram identificadas e rastreadas através do processamento do algoritmo Forecast and Tracking the Evolution of Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC). Foram identificados e avaliados 3578 SCM na região de estudo durante o período supracitado. Os SCM sem relâmpagos mostraram-se menos duradouros (em horas), menores (em km) e com maiores valores de temperatura de brilho (TB) do topo das nuvens. SCM com relâmpagos duram 42 minutos a mais em relação àqueles que não possuem relâmpagos. O número total de relâmpagos (relâmpagos por SCM) tende a crescer em relação à área das tempestades, porém a densidade de relâmpagos (eventos por km2) é maior em SCM menores. Para ambos os tipos de relâmpagos, uma diminuição na TB representou um aumento na quantidade de relâmpagos. Em termos de ciclo de vida, o máximo de relâmpagos IN, -NS e +NS ocorrem na iniciação, estágio entre a iniciação e maturação e estágio entre a maturação e dissipação, respectivamente. Portanto, as tempestades eletrificadas se diferem em aspectos físicos e dinâmicos em relação àquelas que não possuem relâmpagos. Estes resultados são importantes para auxiliar a previsão de curtíssimo prazo de tempo (nowcasting).
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