LACUNAS DA ACUMULAÇÃO SECULAR DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA NOS ECOSSISTEMAS AQUÁTICOS: SUB-REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS MENOS ALTERADAS EM ESCALA GLOBAL
Keywords:
Matéria orgânica, carbono, ambientes deposicionais, taxas de acumulação, uso e cobertura da terraAbstract
Ecossistemas aquáticos como lagos, baías e lagoas costeiras são bem distribuídos entre as zonas climáticas do planeta, constituindo destinos preferenciais aos aportes de biomassa e nutrientes provenientes da bacia de drenagem. Grandes quantidades de matéria orgânica (MO) terrestre e aquática, as quais podem ser remineralizadas a gases de efeito estufa ou preservadas, lhe conferem um importante papel à ciclagem global de carbono (C) e subsequentemente ao clima da biosfera. Além disso, estes ambientes deposicionais têm sido considerados “ecossistemas sentinelas”, pois mudanças globais frequentes na rede de drenagem (e.g., desmatamento, eutrofização e intervenções físicas) têm alterado substancialmente as taxas de acumulação de sedimentos e MO. No entanto, a distribuição latitudinal dos dados publicados das taxas de ciclagem de C nos ecossistemas aquáticos, considerando os diferentes usos e coberturas da terra, ainda carece de melhor entendimento. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a distribuição global do esforço amostral sobre as taxas de acumulação de MO em lagos, lagoas costeiras e baías, relacionando-os com a distribuição entre as latitudes e ecorregiões com diferentes graus de uso e cobertura da terra. As ecorregiões tropicais e subtropicais, boreais, outras latitudes médias e polar/subpolar representaram 76% da área relativa global de lagos em regiões menos alteradas, e, no entanto, concebem apenas ~18% dos dados publicados. Por outro lado, a classe de florestas temperadas em áreas menos alteradas de latitudes médias foi a única a apresentar uma representação de dados adequada em relação à sua distribuição em escala global. Esses resultados indicam que ecossistemas aquáticos tanto tropicais ou subtropicais, os quais apresentam taxas de ciclagem de C mais intensas e com maior variabilidade devido às condições mais quentes, quanto os de altas latitudes frias (i.e., boreais, subpolares e polares), ainda são altamente negligenciados nas compilações globais das taxas de acumulação de MO. Como conclusão, o presente estudo revelou a necessidade de maior esforço amostral para avaliar o papel dos sedimentos de fundo dos ecossistemas aquáticos como sumidouros de C (sob a forma de biomassa) nas áreas menos alteradas pela ação humana, o qual subsidie a identificação de áreas prioritárias à conservação nas áreas mais florestadas de baixas e altas latitudes.
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