Handroanthus impetiginosus (BIGNONIACEAE) AS AN IMPORTANT FLORAL RESOURCE FOR SYNANTHROPIC BIRDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2301.12Palavras-chave:
florivory, illegitimate visit, nectar robbers, synanthropic behaviorResumo
Handroanthus impetiginosus (Bignoniaceae) is commonly used in urban afforestation in the Brazilian semiarid, and it attracts native urban fauna during the dry season, when the plants are flowering. We conducted focal observations on nine flowering H. impetiginosus in an urban area at Brazilian semiarid to record the bird species that used flowers as a food resource and their behavior. We recorded four species of visiting birds at the H. impetiginosus flowers: Eupetomena macroura, Chlorostilbon lucidus, Icterus pyrrhopterus and Tangara sayaca. Of these, E. macroura and C. lucidus were observed on illegitimate visits, not contributing to the pollination, and E. macroura was the most aggressive species. Icterus pyrrhopterus and T. sayaca feeding on parts of the flowers or flower buds, generally promoting the flower abscission to access the nectar. The presence of H. impetiginosus can support generalist nectarivorous bird species, as E. macroura, C. lucidus and I. pyrrhopterus, and bees, as Xylocopa spp. in urban areas, which may contribute to the pollination of other native plant species in reforestation projects in this semiarid region.
Referências
Albuquerque, U. P., Araujo, E. L., El-Deir, A. C. A., Lima, A. L. A., Souto, A., Bezerra, B. M., Ferraz, E. M. N., Freire, E. M. X., Sampaio, E. V., De-Sa, B., Las-Casas, F. M. G., Moura, G. J. B., Pereira, G. A., Melo, J. G., Ramos, M. A., Rodal, M. J. N., Schiel, N., Lyra-Neves, R. M., Alves, R. R. N., Azevedo-Junior, S. M., Telino-Junior, W. R., & Severi, W. 2012. Caatinga revisited: ecology and conservation of an important seasonal dry forest. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID: 205182. DOI: 10.1100/2012/205182
Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3), 227–267. DOI: 10.1163/156853974X00534
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Moraes, G., Leonardo, J., & Sparovek, G. 2013. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711–728. DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Castro, S., Silveira, P., & Navarro, L. 2008. Consequences of nectar robbing for the fitness of a threatened plant species. Plant Ecology, 199(2), 201–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9424-z
CNCFlora (Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora). 2012. Handroanthus impetiginosus na lista vermelha da flora brasileira, versão 2012.2. Retrieved on June 15, 2017, from http://cncflora.jbrj.gov.br/portal/pt-br/profile/Handroanthus%20impetiginosus
Gerson, A. R., Smith, E. K., Smit, B., McKechnie, A. E., & Wolf, B. O. 2014. The impact of humidity on evaporative cooling in small desert birds exposed to high air temperatures. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 87(6), 782–795. DOI: 10.1086/678956
Grantsau, R. 1988. Os beija-flores do Brasil: uma chave de identificação para todas as formas de beija-flores do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura: p. 233.
Irwin, R. E., Bronstein, J. L., Manson, J. S., & Richardson, L. 2010. Nectar robbing: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 41, 271–292. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120330
Las-Casas, F. M. G., Azevedo Júnior, S. M., & Dias Filho, M. M. 2012. The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72(1), 21–58. DOI: 10.1590/S1519-69842012000100006
Leal, I. R., Silva, J. M., Tabarelli, M., & Lacher Jr, T. E. 2005. Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology, 19(3), 701–706. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00703.x
López‐Segoviano, G. , Bribiesca, R., & Arizmendi, M. D. 2018. The role of size and dominance in the feeding behaviour of coexisting hummingbirds. Ibis, 160, 283–292. DOI: 10.1111/ibi.12543
Lunardi, V. O., Oliveira-Silva, C. C., Nascimento, L. A., & Lunardi, D. G. 2013. Synanthropic behavior of the Neotropical palm swift Tachornis squamata (Apodiformes: Apodidae) in the Brazilian Caatinga. Zoologia, 30(6), 697–700. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-46702013005000012
Machado, C. G. 2009. Beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área de caatinga da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 26(2), 255–265. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-46702009000200008
Machado, I. C., & Lopes, A. V. 2004. Floral traits and pollination systems in the Caatinga, a Brazilian tropical dry forest. Annals of Botany, 94, 365–376. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch152
Maia, N. G. 2004. Caatinga: árvores e arbustos e suas utilidades. São Paulo: D & Z Computação Gráfica e Editora: p. 413.
Menz, M. H., Phillips, R. D., Winfree, R., Kremen, C., Aizen, M. A., Johnson, S. D., & Dixon, K. W. 2011. Reconnecting plants and pollinators: challenges in the restoration of pollination mutualisms. Trends in Plant Science, 16(1), 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.09.006
Queiroz, J. A., Quirino, Z. G. M., Lopes, A. V., & Machado, I. C. 2016. Vertebrate mixed pollination system in Encholirium spectabile: a bromeliad pollinated by bats, opossum and hummingbirds in a tropical dry forest. Journal of Arid Environments, 125, 21–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.09.015
Rocca, M. A., & Sazima, M. 2010. Beyond hummingbird-flowers: the other side of ornithophily in the Neotropics. Oecologia Australis, 14(1), 67–99. DOI: 10.4257/oeco.2010.1401.03
Rodewald, A. D., & Shustack, D. P. 2008. Consumer resource matching in urbanizing landscapes: are synanthropic species over-matching. Ecology, 89(2), 515–521. DOI: 10.1890/07-0358.1
Schlindwein, C., Westerkamp, C., Carvalho, A. T., & Milet-Pinheiro, P. 2014. Visual signalling of nectar-offering flowers and specific morphological traits favour robust bee pollinators in the mass-flowering tree Handroanthus impetiginosus (Bignoniaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 176(3), 396–407. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12212
Silva, P. C. G., Moura, M. S. B., Kiill, L. H. P., Brito, L. T. L., Pereira, L. A., Sa, I. B., Correia, R. C., Teixeira, A. H. C., Cunha, T. J. F., & Guimarães Filho, C. 2010. Caracterização do semiárido brasileiro: fatores naturais e humanos. In: I. B. Sa & P. C. G. Silva (Eds.), Semiárido brasileiro: pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. p. 18–48. Petrolina: Embrapa Semiárido.
Wolf, L. L., Hainsworth, F. R., & Gill, F. B. 1975. Foraging efficiencies and time budgets in nectar-feeding birds. Ecology, 56(1), 117–128. DOI: 10.2307/1935304
Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall: p. 663.
