ECOLOGIA FUNCIONAL COMO FERRAMENTA PARA PLANEJAR E MONITORAR A RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE ECOSSISTEMAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2403.02Palavras-chave:
functional traits, ecosystem functioning, restoration ecology, ecological processes.ogical restoration, ecological processesResumo
A ecologia funcional tem se mostrado uma ferramenta importante em diversos estudos ecológicos. Atributos funcionais respondem a filtros ambientais e influenciam propriedades e funções ecossistêmicas, podendo ser aplicados em estudos ecológicos voltados à restauração de ecossistemas. No presente estudo apresentamos como a ecologia funcional pode ser aplicada no âmbito da ecologia da restauração, desde o planejamento até o monitoramento dos projetos, com foco no funcionamento dos ecossistemas. O estudo primeiramente contextualiza a teoria ecológica associada à interligação entre as disciplinas de ecologia da restauração, funcionamento de ecossistemas e ecologia funcional. Em seguida, apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática e descrevemos como a ecologia baseada em atributos funcionais tem sido aplicada no planejamento e monitoramento de projetos de restauração. Na fase de planejamento, a ecologia funcional auxilia na escolha das espécies com base em suas características, levando em conta as condições ambientais e os potenciais filtros para o desenvolvimento das espécies, bem como as metas propostas para o projeto de restauração. Na fase de monitoramento, os atributos podem ser empregados na avaliação da funcionalidade do ecossistema, dadas as relações entre atributos e processos ecológicos. Concluímos indicando que é importante focar não só na composição florística das comunidades, mas principalmente na manutenção e restauração das funções ecossistêmicas, especialmente frente ao cenário de mudanças climáticas e de uso do solo. A interligação entre restauração ecológica e funcionamento dos ecossistemas (objetivo comum em projetos de restauração) pode ser viabilizada através de abordagens baseadas em atributos funcionais, aumentando a efetividade na aplicação de recursos e o sucesso das ações de restauração.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR PLANNIG AND MONITORING ECOSYSTEMS RESTORATION: Functional ecology is an important tool in several ecological studies. Functional traits respond to environmental filters and influence ecosystem properties and functions, enabling its application in ecological studies associated with ecosystem restoration. In the present study we present how functional ecology can be applied in restoration ecology, from the planning to the monitoring phases of the project, with the focus on ecosystem functioning. First, the study contextualizes the ecological theory related to the integration of the disciplines of restoration ecology, ecosystem functioning and functional ecology. From that, we present the results of a systematic review of the literature and describe how trait-based ecology has been applied in the planning and monitoring phases of restoration projects. In the planning phase functional ecology helps in selecting species based on their characteristics, considering environmental conditions and potential filters to species development, as well as the targeted aims of restoration projects. In the monitoring phase functional traits can be used in the evaluation of ecosystem functionality, given the relationship between traits and ecological processes. We conclude indicating that it is important to focus not only on community floristic composition, but especially on the maintenance and restoration of ecosystem functions, particularly, in light of the current scenario of climate and land-use change. The integration between restoration ecology and ecosystem functioning – a common goal in ecological restoration projects – can be made through trait-based ecology approaches, increasing the effectiveness in the use of resources and the success of restoration interventions.Referências
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