Morphosyntactic characteristics of the adverb sempre through acceptability judgment tests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2023.v19n2a61568Keywords:
Advérbio sempre, Processamento de advérbios, Morfologia Distribuída, Teste de aceitabilidade, Teoria GerativaAbstract
This article investigates morphosyntactic and processing characteristics of the adverb “sempre” (always) in sentences of Brazilian Portuguese. To do so, we will take as a basis the Generative Theory (CHOMSKY, 1995 onwards) and, within it, the model of Distributed Morphology (MD) (HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; ALEXIADOU, 2002). We discuss issues related to (i) the syntactic positioning and syntactic constraints of the adverb “sempre” among languages; (ii) linguistic processing data of this adverb through three experiments using experimental psycholinguistics methodology, and (iii) the categorial status of “sempre” in light of the MD theoretical model. We explore the impacts of the adverb’s position in syntactic structure, a comparison between the present and past perfect indicative tenses, and the specificity of the object. Within this context, our analysis proposes that the root √SEMPRE corresponds to a single Vocabulary Item, which functions as the adverbial head (adv). This root has modifier features [+aspectual] and [+continuous], which, when associated with different functional heads (AspP, FocP, CP, TP), will affect sentence interpretation. This explains the three values of “sempre” in Brazilian Portuguese: (i) temporal in more specific sentences, (ii) aspectual in present tense sentences, and (iii) confirmatory in past perfect tense sentences. Another observed property in the tests was a change in the intensity of the adverb “sempre” when related to the adverbs “quase” (almost) and “nem” (neither). Through this study, we aim to shed light on the relationship between theoretical studies within the framework of Generative Theory, analyzed in conjunction with linguistic processing data.
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