ISÓTOPOS ESTÁVEIS E OUTRAS FERRAMENTAS EM ESTUDOS TRÓFICOS DE PEIXES EM RIACHOS TROPICAIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.05Palavras-chave:
resources assimilation, energy flow, isotopic niche, trophic position, fatty acidsResumo
A análise de isótopos estáveis (AIE) se tornou uma ferramenta essencial na Ecologia, sendo cada vez mais utilizada em estudos de peixes de riachos tropicais. A AIE permite reconstruir a dieta dos animais e suas variações intraespecíficas, traçar as contribuições dos principais recursos basais que sustentam as teias tróficas, calcular a posição trófica e o nicho trófico, incluindo partilha e alterações de nicho, e construir teias tróficas. A AIE é amplamente utilizada também para entender o impacto de alterações ambientais nas comunidades de peixes e de outros organismos aquáticos. O número de estudos é crescente no Brasil, porém ainda há diversas lacunas. Neste artigo, apresentamos conceitos básicos sobre a análise de isótopos estáveis em estudos tróficos de peixes de riacho, especialmente de carbono, nitrogênio e hidrogênio, suas premissas, usos e limitações, permeando com exemplos em riachos tropicais. Exploramos também novas fronteiras para estudos nessa área, ainda não utilizadas para peixes de riacho no Brasil, como análise de ácidos graxos, análise de isótopos estáveis em compostos específicos, geometria nutricional e conceitos da estequiometria ecológica tais como o Limiar de Proporções de Elementos.
STABLE ISOTOPES AND OTHER TOOLS IN TROPHIC STUDIES OF TROPICAL STREAM FISH: Stable isotope analysis (SIA) has become an essential tool in Ecology, being increasingly used in studies of fish in tropical streams. The SIA allows to reconstruct the animals' diet and its intraspecific variation, to trace the contributions of the main basal resources throughout the food web, to calculate trophic position and trophic niche, including niche overlap and its alterations, and to build food webs. The SIA is also used to understand the impact of environmental changes on fish communities and other aquatic organisms. The number of such studies is increasing in Brazil, but there are still several gaps. In this study, we present the basic concepts on stable isotopes analysis in trophic studies of stream fish - especially those of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen - their premises, uses and limitations, presenting examples from tropical streams. We also explore new conceptual tools in this area, still not used for stream fish in Brazil, such as fatty acids, stable isotopes in specific compounds, nutritional geometry and ecological stoichiometry concepts such as the Threshold Elemental Ratio.Referências
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