Sociolinguistic analysis of the lenition of /d/ in gerunds in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2026.v22n1a72437Abstract
This study investigates the process of lenition of the consonant /d/ in the gerund morpheme in the speech of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, within the framework of Variationist Sociolinguistics (Weinreich; Labov; Herzog, 2006 [1978]; Labov, 2008 [1972]). Although the phenomenon has been addressed in previous research, this study contributes by analyzing it based on a corpus of spontaneous speech with broad social stratification, including strategic localities such as Nova Iguaçu and Copacabana. The main objective is to examine the lenition of /d/ in gerund forms by analyzing the influence of social and linguistic variables, as well as to compare the results with those of previous studies in order to assess the status of the phenomenon in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The study is based on the hypothesis that gerund lenition constitutes an ongoing change in this variety. The data was drawn from the Concordance Corpus of the CORPORAPORT Project, which consists of interviews with speakers from the two locations, Nova Iguaçu and Copacabana. Data coding followed the methodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics, and statistical analysis was carried out using the R software (R Core Team, 2022). The results reveal a high frequency of lenition, with 64% reduction and 36% retention of the segment. The qualitative-quantitative analysis identified factors such as level of education, following phonetic-phonological context, lexical frequency, and speaker as relevant conditioning factors. These findings highlight the role of social and linguistic variables in processes of variation and possible change associated with the lenition of the alveolar plosive consonat /d/ in gerunds in the speech of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.
Keywords: Variation. Sociolinguistics. Brazilian Portuguese. Gerund reduction.
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