(Hi)Story in the Margins: Jose Rizal’s Footnotes to Antonio Morga's Chronicle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24206/lh.v6i2.30599Palavras-chave:
Counterhistory. Footnotes. Marginalia. José Rizal. Antonio Morga.Resumo
A milestone in the Philippines has been the facsimile of Morga’s chronicle Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas annotated by José Rizal in 1890. Scholars have analyzed how Rizal’s use of footnotes told a counterhistory of the Spanish conquest. His project is semantic in nature and sought to destabilize, at least momentarily, the key concepts of the Hispanic theological-political monarchy. However, I argue that his criticism not only focused on the lexicon but went further, Rizal’s use of footnotes sought to disrupt Western academic structures by appropriating them. His innovation was to do so with a colonial text in the 19th century Philippines. The footnotes of Rizal add the Filipino version, that is, two different versions engaged in visual rivalry on the same page. This paper analyzes the Rizal edition based on the materiality of the text, namely the how it operates in the format and its medium. The body of text is marginalized, whereas the story at the margins becomes visually relevant. This effort represents an epistemological rupture of the unit of the metropolitan narrative with the conversion of the Filipino from an object of study to a subject that gain agency.
Referências
AGAMBEN, Giorgio. The Liturgy and The Modern State. Universidad En Saas-Fee. Switzerland: N.p., 2009.
AZÚA, Armando. ‘Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas’ de Morga, Antonio de. Historia y Grafía, 36, p. 219–231, 2011.
BAKHTIN, Mikhail. Problemas de La Poética de Dostoievski. Trad. de Tatiana Bubnova. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986.
BLANCO, John D. Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. Vol. 4. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Asian Pacific Modern 4.
BOST, Hubert. Pierre Bayle. Paris: Fayard, 2006.
BOUDARD, Jean Baptiste. Iconologie Tirée de Divers Auteurs: Ouvrage Utile Aux Gens de Lettres, Aux Poëtes, Aux Artistes, & Généralement À Tous Les Amateurs Des Beaux Arts. Vol. 1–3. A Parme: Chez l’auteur: De l’Imprimerie de Philippe Carmignani, 1759.
COVARRUBIAS Y HOROZCO, Sebastián de. Tesoro de La Lengua Castellana O Española. Martín Riquer. Barcelona: Alta Fulla, 1998.
CUADRIELLO, Jaime. El Encuentro de Cortés Con Moctezuma Como Escena de Concordia. El Amor Y El Desamor. Coloquio Internacional de Historia Del Arte. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2001. p. 263–292.
DERRIDA, Jacques. This Is Not an Oral Footnote. Annotation and Its Texts. University of California Press, 1991. p. 192–205.
FOUCAULT, Michel. “What Is an Author?” Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992. p. 113–138.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Society Must be Defended. New York: Picador, 2003.
FREE AGENT. The First of April : A Blank Poem in Commendation of the Suppos’d Author of a Poem Lately Publish’d, Call’d Ridotto, Or, Downfal [Sic] of Masquerades. London: Printed for and sold by J. Graves ..., c. 1724.
GENETTE, Gérard. Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
GRAFTON, Anthony. The Footnote: A Curious History. London: Faber and Faber, 2003.
HANNA III, Ralph. Annotation as Social Practice. Annotation and Its Texts. Barney A. Stephen. University of California Press, 1991. p. 178–185.
HERTEL, Georg Augspurg. Pars I. Des Berühmten Italiäische[n] Ritters Caesaris Ripae, Allerley Künsten Und Wissenschafften Dienlicher Sinnbildern Und Gedancken. In Augspurg : Dermahliger Autor und Verleger, 1758.
HSU, Camen. Acerca De La Representación Del Archipiélago Filipino En Los Sucesos De Antonio De Morga. Hispanófila, 157, p. 117–132, 2009.
IFFLAND, James. Para Qué Y Para Quién Anotamos? (El Caso De ‘El Buscón’). La Perinola: Revista de investigación quevediana, 4, p. 163–176, 2000.
LEVINAS, Emmanuel. De Lo Sagrado a Lo Santo. Cinco Nuevas Lecturas Talmúdicas. Barcelona: Riopiedras, 1997.
LIPKING, Lawrence. Ordering of the Arts in Eighteenth-Century England. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Pres, 2016.
LORAUX, Nicole. The divided city: on memory and forgetting in ancient Athens. New York: Zone Books, 2001.
MORETTI, Franco. Atlas of the European Novel 1800-1900. London ; New York: Verso, 1998.
MORGA, Antonio; RIZAL, Jose. Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas Por El Doctor Antonio de Morga, Obra Publicada En Méjico El An̄o de 1609. Nuevamente Sacada À Luz Y Anotada Por José Rizal Y Precedida de Un Prólogo Del Prof. Fernando Blumentritt. Paris: Garnier Hermanos, 1890.
MORGA, Antonio; RIZAL, José; National Historial Philippines. Historical Events of the Philippine Islands: Published in Mexico in 1609. Jose Rizal Centennial Commission. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1990.
OCAMPO, Ambeth R. Articles - Rizal's Morga and Views of Philippine History. Philippine Studies. 46.2, p. 184, 1998.
RAFAEL, Vicente. The Promise of the Foreign. Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish Philippines. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
RIPA, Cesare. Iconología. Vol. 1–2. Madrid: AKAL, 2002.
RIZAL, Jose. Noli Me Tangere. Manila: Pambansang Kalupunang Pangkasaysayan, 2008.
SAID, Edward. Representations of the Intellectual: The 1993 Reith Lectures. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994. Print. Reith Lectures.
SCHUMACHER, John. The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1895: The Creators of a Filipino Consciousness, the Makers of Revolution. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House, 1973.
THOMAS, Megan. C. Orientalists, Propagandists, and Ilustrados: Filipino Scholarship and the End of Spanish Colonialism. University of Minnesota Press, 2012.
TODOROV, Tzvetan. Mihkaïl Bakhtin: Le Principe Dialogique. Paris: Seuil, 1981.
TOON, Thomas. Dry-Point Annotations in Early English Manuscripts: Understanding Text and Establishing Context. Annotation and Its Texts. Greetham, D.C. California: University of California Press, 1991. p. 74–93.
TRIBBLE, Evelyn. ‘Like a Looking-Glas in the Frame’: From the Marginal Note to the Footnote. The Margins of the Text. D.C: Greetham. Ann Arbor, MIchigan: University of Michigan Press, 1997.
Downloads
Arquivos adicionais
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com o seguinte:
a. Os autores detêm os direitos autorais dos artigos publicados; os autores são os únicos responsáveis pelo conteúdo dos trabalhos publicados; o trabalho publicado está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional, que permite o compartilhamento da publicação desde que haja o reconhecimento de autoria e da publicação pela Revista LaborHistórico.
b. Em caso de uma segunda publicação, é obrigatório reconhecer a primeira publicação da Revista LaborHistórico.
c. Os autores podem publicar e distribuir seus trabalhos (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais, sites e perfis pessoais) a qualquer momento, após o processo editorial da Revista LaborHistórico.
