AVALIAÇÃO DA INTEGRIDADE BIÓTICA DE RIACHOS A PARTIR DA ICTIOFAUNA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.19Keywords:
conservation, fish, IBI, monitoring, qualityAbstract
Há quase quatro décadas, o ecólogo James R. Karr publicava a primeira versão do Índice de Integridade Biótica (IBI) para avaliar a saúde de ecossistemas aquáticos a partir de assembleias de peixes. Desde então, numerosas adaptações, críticas e reinterpretações surgiram a partir desse seminal estudo, cobrindo diversos biomas mundiais. No Brasil, as primeiras versões do IBI para riachos foram desenvolvidas na região Sul, no ano de 2004. Ao longo do tempo, a produção científica nesse tema vem demonstrando um significativo incremento na complexidade das abordagens e métodos utilizados, principalmente devido ao avanço no conhecimento básico sobre diversidade, ecologia e biologia da ictiofauna de riachos. Nesses estudos, estão contemplados, por exemplo, testes de métricas já propostas, proposições de novas métricas, adaptações para diferentes bacias e testes das respostas ecológicas da ictiofauna a diferentes distúrbios de origem antrópica. Ainda assim, não há protocolos padronizados para definição das métricas e tampouco para a introdução desses índices na rotina de monitoramento de riachos. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar um referencial teórico sobre o desenvolvimento do IBI para riachos brasileiros, com base na ictiofauna, discutir a viabilidade de protocolos padronizados para desenvolvimento de IBIs e as perspectivas de aplicabilidade em riachos do Brasil.
EVALUATION OF THE BIOTIC INTEGRITY OF RIACHOS FROM ICTIOFAUNA: Almost four decades ago, ecologist James R. Karr published the first version of the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems from fish assemblages. Since then, numerous adaptations, criticisms, and reinterpretations have emerged from this seminal study, covering diverse world biomes. In Brazil, the first versions of IBI for streams were developed in the South (in 2004). Over time, scientific production on this topic has shown a significant increase in the complexity of the approaches and methods used, mainly due to the advance in the basic knowledge about stream fish diversity, ecology, and biology. These studies include, for example, tests of metrics already proposed, proposals for new metrics, adaptations for different basins, and tests of the ecological responses of the ichthyofauna to different human-originated impacts. Even so, there are no standardized protocols for defining the metrics, nor for the introduction of these indexes in the stream monitoring routine. The objective of this article is to present a theoretical framework on the development of IBI for Brazilian streams, based on ichthyofauna, to discuss whether it is possible and feasible to standardize protocols for the development of IBIs and the prospects of applicability in Brazilian streams.References
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